One of the consequences of globalisation for Turkey, as well as in other emerging countries, has been an increasing trend in health tourism. Households have been considered choice the best option in terms of price and alternative possibilities while they have been solved their health problems. Previous studies have argued that the main drivers of the growth of inbound health tourism to developing countries are lower costs, shorter waiting periods, and better quality of care. This study aimed to test the effect of health and social service sector growth on the flow of inbound health tourism between 2004:Q1 and 2015:Q4 by employing Granger causality and Johansen cointegration approaches. Our findings suggested that there is a long-run Granger causality from domestic health and social work expenditures to health tourism income whereas this is non-existence in the opposite direction.

This study aims to reveal the network connectedness between the volatilities of Emerging and Growth-Leading Economies (EAGLEs) stock exchanges with the frequency-based TVP-VAR connectedness approach. Connectedness results were obtained in short (1–5 days) and long (5-inf) period frequencies among the volatilities obtained with the Garman–Klass volatility estimator. According to the dynamic TCI results, connectivity peaked during the COVID-19 and Russia–Ukraine War periods. BVSP is the most dominant transmitter of the network and spreads the most effect to the emerging markets. As a result of the pairwise metrics, SSE has the lowest values and is positioned as a relatively independent market in the network. In particular, SSE has almost no connection with BIST in the short term, while it has a more significant effect on BIST in the long term. Moreover, the connectedness metrics show that MOEX is in a neutral position in the network and is largely affected by its internal dynamics.

In agricultural economics, fluctuations in food prices and the factors affecting these fluctuations have always been an important research topic. From production to delivery to consumers, the supply chain of agricultural products has a dynamic structure with continuous changes. In this dynamic process, analyzing the intensive use of energy at each stage has gained more importance with its deepening effects in comparison to the past. This study will empirically explore the volatility spillovers between energy price index and fruit-vegetables price index in the period of 2007-2020 in Turkey using the Kanas and Diebold-Yilmaz approaches. According to the results obtained from the Kanas approach in the study, it has been observed that there is a statistically significant volatility spillover from the energy price index to the vegetable price index, whereas there is no statistically significant volatility spillover to the fruit price index. This finding was supported by the results obtained from the Diebold-Yilmaz approach showing that there is a volatility spillover of 13.52% to the vegetable price index and 0.86% to the fruit price index from the energy price index.

The volatility connectedness among fertilisers and agricultural crop prices: Evidence from selected main agricultural products | Harun Uçak, Yakup Ari, Esin Yelgen | Agricultural Journals

Research background Income and prices are important factors that determine and decide households consumption decisions and behavior. Purpose and research methodology This paper aims to examine fruits’ demand elasticities in Pakistan by using the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS). For this purpose, data from the Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) 2018–2019 part of Pakistan Living Standard and Measurement is used for the selected fruits. Results Marshallian, Hicksian, and expenditures elasticities were calculated through the estimated parameter from the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal demand system. The results show that all the estimated expenditure elasticities of the selected fruits for Pakistan are positive. The magnitude of expenditure elasticities for bananas, malta, apple, grapes, watermelon, plum, and almonds, is less than unity, and are thus categorized as normal food items. The estimated uncompensated own price demand elasticities for all fruits are less than unity (inelastic) for Pakistan and thus categorized as necessities. Based on the cross-price uncompensated demand elasticities eighteen fruits are reported as gross complements and three fruits are gross substitutes. Most of the fruits are categorized as neutral fruits having no cross-price effect on each other’s demand as their estimated elasticities are closer to zero. Only apples with grapes and almonds are found to