Small bowel obstruction is a frequent medical condition with various causes, the most common being postoperative adhesions, volvulus, intussusception, hernias, and tumors. A bezoar-induced blockage of the small intestine is a rare condition that accounts for approximately 4% of all small bowel obstruction cases. Herein, we present the case report of a 71-year-old patient with diffuse abdominal pain caused by a small bowel obstruction due to a calcified bezoar (bezoar egg) resulting from a post-radiation intestinal stricture. The patient underwent a small bowel excision with the extraction of the bezoar, after which a full recovery was made.

Visceral leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar) is characterized by fever, weight loss, swelling of the spleen and liver, and pancytopenia. If it is not treated, the fatality rate in developing countries can be as high as 100% within 2 years. In a high risk situation for perioperative bleeding due to severe thrombocytopenia/coagulopathy, we present a rare challenge for urgent splenectomy in a patient with previously undiagnosed visceral leishmaniasis. A histologic examination of the spleen revealed a visceral leishmaniasis, and the patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B.

We present a case of a 50 year-old female bearing an intrauterine contraceptive device for 20 years who was diagnosed with abdominopelvic actinomycosis with liver dissemination. The patient was successfully treated by a combination of surgical resection and a 3-month course of amoxicillin.

Background: Cystobiliary communication (CBC) is the most common complication of liver hydatid disease (LHD). This study aimed to analyze operative management and outcomes in surgically treated patients and identify predictors of CBC. Methods: A prospectively maintained single-center database (January 1963–June 2025), consisting of 1507 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for LHD, was retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they had CBC. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of CBC. Results: CBC was identified in 309 patients, corresponding to a prevalence of 20.5% within the study cohort. The patients in the CBC group were younger than those in the non-CBC group (median age: 44 vs. 47 years; P = 0.003) and had larger cysts (10 vs. 8 cm; P < 0.001). Jaundice, cholangitis, fever ( P < 0.001), and leukocytosis ( P < 0.01) were more frequent in the patients with CBC. Conservative surgery (partial pericystectomy) was performed in most patients with LHD (CBC/non-CBC: 85% vs. 90%; P = 0.067). The multivariate analysis identified several predictors of CBC: younger age [odds ratio (OR) = 0.985 per year; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.977–0.995; P = 0.002], larger cyst diameter (OR = 1.071 per cm; 95% CI: 1.029–1.114; P < 0.001), fever (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.05–2.33; P = 0.029), jaundice (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.12–3.60; P = 0.019), leukocytosis (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.10–1.99; P = 0.010), and contralateral lobe hypertrophy (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.02–2.22; P = 0.038). Conclusion: Conservative surgery was the operative modality for most patients. Beyond the established predictors for CBC, fever, jaundice, leukocytosis, and contralateral lobe hypertrophy emerged as independent risk factors.