Inappropriate wound healing (WH) management can cause significant comorbidities, especially in patients affected by chronic and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. WH involves several different, partially overlapping processes, including hemostasis, inflammation, cell proliferation, and remodeling. Oxidative stress in WH contributes to WH impairment because of the overexpression of radical oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidative action of a gel containing a Propionibacterium extract (Emorsan^® Gel) and assess its skin re-epithelialization properties in a mouse model of WH. The scavenging effects of the bacterial extract were assessed in vitro through the ABTS and DPPH assays and in L-929 murine fibroblasts. The effects of the Emorsan^® Gel were studied in vivo in a murine model of WH. After WH induction, mice were treated daily with vehicle or Emorsan^® Gel for 6 or 12 days. According to the in vitro tests, the Propionibacterium extract exerted an inhibitory effect on ROS and RNS, consequently leading to the reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite levels. Before proceeding with the in vivo study, the Emorsan^® Gel was verified to be unabsorbed. Therefore, the observed effects could be ascribed to a local action. The results obtained in vivo showed that through local reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α), the Emorsan^® Gel significantly reduced the infiltration of mast cells into the injured wound, leading to the amelioration of symptoms such as itch and skin irritation. Therefore, the Emorsan^® Gel improved the speed and percentage of wound area closure by improving the tissue remodeling process, prompting vascular–endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)- β production and reducing the expression of adhesion molecules. Emorsan^® Gel, by its ability to inhibit free radicals, could reduce local inflammation and oxidative stress, thus enhancing the speed of wound healing.

Background: The clinical significance of serum potassium levels at admission in patients with blunt hepatic trauma remains insufficiently defined. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic value of admission hypokalemia in this patient population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 164 patients with radiologically confirmed blunt liver trauma admitted between 2016 and 2023. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected to assess the association between serum potassium levels and trauma severity (AAST grade—American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, ISS—Injury Severity Score), in-hospital morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, including checks for normality and multicollinearity. Results: Serum potassium levels showed a significant positive correlation with age (p = 0.0064), and an inverse correlation with liver injury severity (AAST grade; p = 0.01). Lower potassium levels were associated with longer hospital stays (p = 0.0459) and higher morbidity (p = 0.022). In multivariate analysis, only age (p = 0.036) and AAST grade (p = 0.014) were independent predictors of serum potassium concentration. Potassium levels were not independently associated with mortality. Conclusions: Admission hypokalemia is a common finding in blunt liver trauma and correlates with injury severity and adverse clinical outcomes. Potassium concentration may serve as a readily available, low-cost biomarker for early risk stratification in these patients. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm its prognostic utility.