Complex stresses are created or applied as part of medical and dental treatments, which are linked to the achievement of treatment goals and favorable prognosis. Photoelasticity is an optical technique that can help observe and understand biomechanics, which is essential for planning, evaluation and treatment in health professions. The objective of this project was to review the existing information on the use of photoelasticity in medicine and dentistry and determine their purpose, the areas or treatments for which it was used, models used as well as to identify areas of opportunity for the application of the technique and the generation of new models. A literature review was carried out to identify publications in dentistry and medicine in which photoelasticity was used as an experimental method. The databases used were: Sciencedirect, PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Springer, EBSCO, Wiley, Lilacs, Medigraphic Artemisa and SciELO. Duplicate and incomplete articles were eliminated, obtaining 84 articles published between 2000 and 2019 for analysis. In dentistry, ten subdisciplines were found in which photoelasticity was used; those related to implants for fixed prostheses were the most abundant. In medicine, orthopedic research predominates; and its application is not limited to hard tissues. No reports were found on the use of photoelastic models as a teaching aid in either medicine or dentistry. Photoelasticity has been widely used in the context of research where it has limitations due to the characteristics of the results provided by the technique, there is no evidence of use in the health area to exploit its application in learning biomechanics; on the other hand there is little development in models that faithfully represent the anatomy and characteristics of the different tissues of the human body, which opens the opportunity to take up the qualitative results offered by the technique to transpolate it to an application and clinical learning.

During paediatric dental treatment, cooperation by children is essential, and temperament can determine their behaviour style. This study aimed to associate temperamental traits and age with behaviour during paediatric dental treatment. This was an observational and cross-sectional study of patients aged 3–10 years. To determine the temperamental traits, an Emotionality Activity and Sociability Temperament Survey (EAS) was performed with the children’s parents. The type of behaviour was determined with Frankl’s criteria. The total scores for temperamental traits, means, and standard deviations were obtained. The chi-squared test, one-way ANOVA and Student’s t-test were applied. A total of 140 patients, who were 5 ± 2.1 years old, participated in the study. Age was determinant for negative behaviour, with a greater frequency in children ≤5 years old (p < 0.05), and a significant negative correlation between age and behaviour (rho = −0.245, p = 0.001). Patients with higher emotionality and activity presented negative and definitely negative behaviours more frequently (p < 0.01). The values for sociability and shyness were similar for positive or negative behaviours. In conclusion, the temperamental traits of emotionality and activity were more frequent in children with disruptive behaviours; therefore, conducting a survey on temperamental traits can be useful for planning behavioural approaches in paediatric dentistry.

Background: Anti-cariogenic properties of silver nanoparticles and fluorides have been probed mainly in vitro and with the objetive to evaluate the remineralizing effects of an applied silver nanoparticle compound plus fluoride varnish, a randomized split-mouth clinical trial was conducted in children aged 6 to 7 years. Methods: The project was approved by the ethics committee of the faculty. Primary molars were randomly distributed into two groups, as follows: Group A was treated with a compound based on silver nanoparticles plus fluoride varnish (SNP-FV), and Group B was treated with a silver diamine fluoride compound (SDF-KI), which is the current standard treatment. Laser fluorescence with a DIAGNOdent pen was used for the evaluation, with follow-up examinations at 15 days, 6 months, and 12 months. ANOVA test was used to compare the groups. The results showed a decrease in demineralization was observed after treatment with SNP-FV; similar results were observed after treatment with SDF-KI. Within each group, there were favorable changes. In the SDF-KI group, the differences in demineralization were 25.63 at 15 days, 29.37 at 6 months, and 30.6 at one year (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, in the SNP-FV group, the decreases were 22.7 at 15 days, 28.78 at 6 months, and 31.11 at one year (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The SNP-FV combined treatment represents an alternative remineralizing treatment for the management of carious lesions in the dentin of primary molars.

Introducción: las resinas compuestas son materiales muy utilizados en los que se continúa la investigación para disminuir la contracción que es la principal causa de su fracaso. Objetivo: comparar el estrés por polimerización de tres diferentes técnicas de obturación de resinas dentales y tipos de resina, por medio de fotoelasticidad. Material y métodos: se realizaron 33 placas de resina fotoelástica con una cavidad circular en el centro de 7 mm de diámetro, se obturaron dichas cavidades con resina por la técnica en bloque, pared por pared, de incrementos oblicuos y se polimerizaron. Una hora después se colocaron las muestras en el polariscopio, fueron fotografiadas y medidas. Se realizó análisis estadístico con las pruebas Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ANOVA y post hoc Tukey, en el programa SPSS V.22 IBM. Resultados: el 100% de las muestras presentan contracción por polimerización. Todas expresan isocromas en la re- sina fotoelástica. La técnica en bloque mostró los resultados más bajos de contracción, el 40% de las muestras presentaron sólo la primera banda isocromática correspondiente al valor más bajo de estrés. Conclusión: el uso de las resinas para la técnica en bloque reduce el estrés en las paredes cavitarias.

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto remineralizante, bactericida y pigmentación producida por una disolución de fluoruro de sodio con nanopartículas de plata comparado con el tratamiento de Fluoruro Diamino de la marca SDI. Se usaron 40 dientes extraídos, 20 como grupo control y 20 para probar las soluciones fluoradas, los cuales se desmineralizaron con ácido fosfórico, después se barnizó la superficie con fluoruro de la marca SDI y fluoruro experimental en dos caras del mismo diente y se almacenaron en saliva artificial a 37°C. Se midió la mineralización con DIAGNOdent2095(Kavo) sin tratamiento y después de la aplicación del mismo a 1 y 24 horas, 7 y 14 días. Se comparó la pigmentación por medio de fotografías tomadas con microscopio estereoscópico. Se realizó la prueba de halos de inhibición bacteriana en cultivos de muestras de lesiones cariosas de población infantil, en agar salivarius y agar tomate. Los resultados muestran remineralización total de las muestras en ambos tratamientos sin diferencia estadística, con similitud de inhibición bacteriana, ligeramente mayor en Fluoruro Diamino en agar salivarius. Las zonas tratadas con el fluoruro experimental no muestran pigmentación clínica, 75% de las tratadas con Fluoruro Diamino muestran pigmentaciones obscuras evidentes. En conclusión, el desempeño remineralizante y bactericida del fluoruro experimental es competente sin el efecto pigmentante, lo que lo convierte en una alternativa viable.

Objetivo:  Mejorar la comprensión de los cambios generados por los procedimientos restaurativos a través de modelos fotoelásticos. La reconstrucción dental debe fundamentarse en principios de oclusión para no provocar puntos prematuros de contacto durante los procedimientso de preparación y restauración que pueden provocar transtornos como el trauma oclusal, disfuncion de la ATM, o fracturas. En este documento se presenta un metodo didactico para visualizar de forma objetiva las cargas oclusales y su distribución. Materiales y métodos: Se realizaron modelos fotoelasticos de dientes y segmentos maxilares, para visualizar los efectos de las preparaciones dentales y restauraciones, asi como el desgaste de puntos prematuros de contacto. Resultados: Por fotoelasticidad se analizó la dirección, intensidad y distribución de esfuerzos en la corona y soporte óseo. Conclusiones: La tecnica permite visualizar cómo se afectan las estructuras desde la preparación cavitaria, los diferentes esfuerzos con fresas de diamante o carburo, además de observar cómo un punto prematuro de contacto no solo afecta al órgano que lo contiene sino a estructuras aledañas.