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Prof. Dr. Juan Loor
Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

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0 Amino Acids
0 Lactation
0 Lipids
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Lactation
Liver
adipose
Nutrition
Amino Acids
microbiota
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Methyl donors

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Review article
Published: 02 August 2021 in Livestock Science
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The dairy industry worldwide is confronting unprecedented challenges including climate change and consistently increasing feed costs, the latter representing a major issue for dairy farmers. Thus, renewed efforts for improving feed efficiency by focusing on biological components within the rumen and peripheral tissues of the animal that contribute to feed efficiency are taking center stage. These efforts have been made possible by the growing application of cutting-edge technology along with management practices that have practical application. The last decade has seen a robust focus on approaches to identify feed-efficient cows, linkages among nutrition and gut microbiota, and understanding antioxidant networks in key metabolic tissues. Because of the well-known role in cellular function and the ability of dairy cows to make a successful transition into lactation, oxidant status and its cellular networks across tissues are a unique target for manipulation through management that can impact feed efficiency. Antioxidant supply is a robust strategy to alleviate pro-oxidant states. Recognition that the antioxidant transcription regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) is present in key metabolic tissues such as adipose and mammary now provides a target for intervention. In addition, the identification of cows capable of maintaining high production levels with lower feed intake has opened a wide field for more efficient animal selection. Recent studies evaluating residual feed intake (RFI) have provided important knowledge on how shifts in ruminal and hindgut microbiome could be part of the mechanism associated with better feed efficiency in dairy cattle. This review mainly focuses on the role of antioxidant networks and gut microbiome in regulating dairy production efficiency.

ACS Style

Ahmed A. Elolimy; Yusheng Liang; Matheus Gomes Lopes; Juan J. Loor. Antioxidant networks and the microbiome as components of efficiency in dairy cattle. Livestock Science 2021, 251, 104656 .

AMA Style

Ahmed A. Elolimy, Yusheng Liang, Matheus Gomes Lopes, Juan J. Loor. Antioxidant networks and the microbiome as components of efficiency in dairy cattle. Livestock Science. 2021; 251 ():104656.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed A. Elolimy; Yusheng Liang; Matheus Gomes Lopes; Juan J. Loor. 2021. "Antioxidant networks and the microbiome as components of efficiency in dairy cattle." Livestock Science 251, no. : 104656.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Calves born to multiparous Holstein cows fed during the last 30 d of pregnancy 2 different cobalt sources [cobalt glucoheptonate (CoPro) or cobalt pectin (CoPectin)], folic acid (FOA), and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) were used to study neonatal immune responses after ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Groups were (n = 12 calves/group) CoPro, FOA+CoPro, FOA+CoPectin, and FOA+CoPectin+RPM. Calves were weighed at birth and blood collected at birth (before colostrum), 21 d of age, and 42 d of age (at weaning). Growth performance was recorded once a week during the first 6 wk of age. Energy metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status were assessed at birth through various plasma biomarkers. Whole blood was challenged with 3 µg/mL of LPS or used for phagocytosis and oxidative burst assays. Target genes evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR in whole blood samples were associated with immune response, antioxidant function, and 1-carbon metabolism. The response in mRNA abundance in LPS challenged versus nonchallenged samples was assessed via δ = LPS challenged - LPS nonchallenged samples. Phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst activity were measured in neutrophils and monocytes, with data reported as ratio (percentage) of CD14 to CH138A-positive cells. Data including all time points were subjected to ANOVA using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.), with Treatment, Sex, Age, and Treatment × Age as fixed effects. A 1-way ANOVA was used to determine differences at birth, with Treatment and Sex as fixed effects. Calf birth body weight and other growth parameters did not differ between groups. At birth, plasma haptoglobin concentration was lower in FOA+CoPro compared with CoPro calves. We detected no effect for other plasma biomarkers or immune function due to maternal treatments at birth. Compared with CoPro, in response to LPS challenge, whole blood from FOA+CoPectin and FOA+CoPectin+RPM calves had greater mRNA abundance of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). No effect for other genes was detectable. Regardless of maternal treatments, sex-specific responses were observed due to greater plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, paraoxonase, total reactive oxygen metabolites, nitrite, and β-carotene in female versus male calves at birth. In contrast, whole blood from male calves had greater mRNA abundance of IRAK1, CADM1, and ITGAM in response to LPS challenge at birth. The longitudinal analysis of d 0, 21, and 42 data revealed greater bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI) mRNA abundance in whole blood from FOA+CoPectin versus FOA+CoPro calves, coupled with greater abundance in FOA+CoPro compared with CoPro calves. Regardless of maternal treatments, most genes related to cytokines and cytokine receptors (IL1B, IL10, TNF, IRAK1, CXCR1), toll-like receptor pathway (TLR4, NFKB1), adhesion and migration (ICAM1, ITGAM), antimicrobial function (MPO), and antioxidant function (GPX1) were downregulated over time. Phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst activity in both neutrophils and monocytes did not differ due to maternal treatment. Regardless of maternal treatments, we observed an increase in the percentage of neutrophils capable of phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity over time. Overall, these preliminary assessments suggested that maternal supplementation with FOA and Co combined with RPM had effects on a few plasma biomarkers of inflammation at birth and molecular responses associated with inflammatory mechanisms during the neonatal period.

ACS Style

M.G. Lopes; A.S. Alharthi; V. Lopreiato; E. Abdel-Hamied; Y. Liang; D.N. Coleman; H. Dai; M.N. Corrêa; M.T. Socha; M.A. Ballou; E. Trevisi; J.J. Loor. Maternal supplementation with cobalt sources, folic acid, and rumen-protected methionine and its effects on molecular and functional correlates of the immune system in neonatal Holstein calves. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 9340 -9354.

AMA Style

M.G. Lopes, A.S. Alharthi, V. Lopreiato, E. Abdel-Hamied, Y. Liang, D.N. Coleman, H. Dai, M.N. Corrêa, M.T. Socha, M.A. Ballou, E. Trevisi, J.J. Loor. Maternal supplementation with cobalt sources, folic acid, and rumen-protected methionine and its effects on molecular and functional correlates of the immune system in neonatal Holstein calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (8):9340-9354.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.G. Lopes; A.S. Alharthi; V. Lopreiato; E. Abdel-Hamied; Y. Liang; D.N. Coleman; H. Dai; M.N. Corrêa; M.T. Socha; M.A. Ballou; E. Trevisi; J.J. Loor. 2021. "Maternal supplementation with cobalt sources, folic acid, and rumen-protected methionine and its effects on molecular and functional correlates of the immune system in neonatal Holstein calves." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 8: 9340-9354.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2021 in Animals
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The objective was to perform a proof-of-principle study to evaluate the effects of methionine (Met) and arginine (Arg) supply on protein abundance of amino acid, insulin signaling, and glutathione metabolism-related proteins in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) explants under ceramide (Ce) challenge. SAT from four lactating Holstein cows was incubated with one of the following media: ideal profile of amino acid as the control (IPAA; Lys:Met 2.9:1, Lys:Arg 2:1), increased Met (incMet; Lys:Met 2.5:1), increased Arg (incArg; Lys:Arg 1:1), or incMet plus incArg (Lys:Met 2.5:1 Lys:Arg 1:1) with or without 100 μM exogenous cell-permeable Ce (N-Acetyl-d-sphingosine). Ceramide stimulation downregulated the overall abundance of phosphorylated (p) protein kinase B (AKT), p-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and p-eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2). Without Ce stimulation, increased Met, Arg, or Met + Arg resulted in lower p-mTOR. Compared with control SAT stimulated with Ce, increased Met, Arg, or Met + Arg resulted in greater activation of mTOR (p-mTOR/total mTOR) and AKT (p-AKT/total AKT), with a more pronounced response due to Arg. The greatest protein abundance of glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) was detected in response to increased Met supply during Ce stimulation. Ceramide stimulation decreased the overall protein abundance of the Na-coupled neutral amino acid transporter SLC38A1 and branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK). However, compared with controls, increased Met or Arg supply attenuated the downregulation of BCKDK induced by Ce. Circulating ceramides might affect amino acid, insulin signaling, and glutathione metabolism in dairy cow adipose tissue. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the role of rumen-protected amino acids in regulating bovine adipose function.

ACS Style

Yusheng Liang; Nana Ma; Danielle Coleman; Fang Liu; Yu Li; Hongyan Ding; Fabiana Cardoso; Claudia Parys; Felipe Cardoso; Juan Loor. Methionine and Arginine Supply Alters Abundance of Amino Acid, Insulin Signaling, and Glutathione Metabolism-Related Proteins in Bovine Subcutaneous Adipose Explants Challenged with N-Acetyl-d-sphingosine. Animals 2021, 11, 2114 .

AMA Style

Yusheng Liang, Nana Ma, Danielle Coleman, Fang Liu, Yu Li, Hongyan Ding, Fabiana Cardoso, Claudia Parys, Felipe Cardoso, Juan Loor. Methionine and Arginine Supply Alters Abundance of Amino Acid, Insulin Signaling, and Glutathione Metabolism-Related Proteins in Bovine Subcutaneous Adipose Explants Challenged with N-Acetyl-d-sphingosine. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):2114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yusheng Liang; Nana Ma; Danielle Coleman; Fang Liu; Yu Li; Hongyan Ding; Fabiana Cardoso; Claudia Parys; Felipe Cardoso; Juan Loor. 2021. "Methionine and Arginine Supply Alters Abundance of Amino Acid, Insulin Signaling, and Glutathione Metabolism-Related Proteins in Bovine Subcutaneous Adipose Explants Challenged with N-Acetyl-d-sphingosine." Animals 11, no. 7: 2114.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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ACS Style

C. Fernández; T. Romero; J.V. Martí; V.J. Moya; I. Hernando; J.J. Loor. Energy, nitrogen partitioning, and methane emissions in dairy goats differ when an isoenergetic and isoproteic diet contained orange leaves and rice straw crop residues. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 7830 -7844.

AMA Style

C. Fernández, T. Romero, J.V. Martí, V.J. Moya, I. Hernando, J.J. Loor. Energy, nitrogen partitioning, and methane emissions in dairy goats differ when an isoenergetic and isoproteic diet contained orange leaves and rice straw crop residues. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (7):7830-7844.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Fernández; T. Romero; J.V. Martí; V.J. Moya; I. Hernando; J.J. Loor. 2021. "Energy, nitrogen partitioning, and methane emissions in dairy goats differ when an isoenergetic and isoproteic diet contained orange leaves and rice straw crop residues." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 7: 7830-7844.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 01 July 2021 in Translational Animal Science
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This study was performed to investigate effects of partial replacement of fish oil (FO) for linseed oil (LO) on digestibility, ruminal fermentation and biohydrogenation in growing goats. Experiment 1 was carried out in four growing male goats aged 6 months in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Goats were fed a basal diet supplemented with 25 g/kg dry matter either LO alone or in combination with tuna FO. Treatments were developed by replacing FO for LO at ratios of 0, 5, 10 and 15 g/kg DM corresponding to FO-0, FO-5, FO-10 and FO-15, respectively. Experiment 2 was carried out in an in vitro incubation system including 12 fermenters with the same four treatments. Each fermenter consisted of 40 mL goat ruminal fluid, 160 mL warm buffer, 2 g mixed substrates, and 50 mg FO-0, FO-5, FO-10 or FO-15. Fish oil inclusion reduced (P < 0.05) digestibility and nitrogen retention in Experiment 1. Increasing doses of FO in the diet induced a strong drop (P < 0.001) in ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and protozoa population at 3 h post incubation, but did not affect individual VFA proportions. Substitution of FO for LO decreased mean concentrations of C18:0 (P = 0.057), c-9,c-12 C18:2 and C18:3n-3 (P < 0.001), but increased (P < 0.001) C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3. Feeding FO-10 enhanced formation of ruminal c-9,t-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration compared with FO-0. Overall, combined data suggest that to improve ruminal concentrations of C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, and c-9,t-11 CLA for deposition in tissues or milk with minimal risk of affecting digestibility and ruminal fermentation, a dietary supplementation of 15 g/kg LO and 10 g/kg FO would be suitable.

ACS Style

Lam Phuoc Thanh; Noppharat Phakachoed; Wisitiporn Suksombat; Juan J Loor; Tran Thi Thuy Hang. Partial substitution of fish oil for linseed oil enhances beneficial fatty acids from rumen biohydrogenation but reduces ruminal fermentation and digestibility in growing goats. Translational Animal Science 2021, 5, 1 .

AMA Style

Lam Phuoc Thanh, Noppharat Phakachoed, Wisitiporn Suksombat, Juan J Loor, Tran Thi Thuy Hang. Partial substitution of fish oil for linseed oil enhances beneficial fatty acids from rumen biohydrogenation but reduces ruminal fermentation and digestibility in growing goats. Translational Animal Science. 2021; 5 (3):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lam Phuoc Thanh; Noppharat Phakachoed; Wisitiporn Suksombat; Juan J Loor; Tran Thi Thuy Hang. 2021. "Partial substitution of fish oil for linseed oil enhances beneficial fatty acids from rumen biohydrogenation but reduces ruminal fermentation and digestibility in growing goats." Translational Animal Science 5, no. 3: 1.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 08 June 2021 in Journal of Animal Science
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Fatty liver is a common metabolic disorder afflicting dairy cows during the periparturient period and is closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The onset of ER stress in humans and mice alters hepatic lipid metabolism, but it is unknown if such event contributes to fatty liver in dairy cows soon after parturition. ORAI1 is a key component of the store-operated Ca2+ entry mechanism regulating cellular Ca2+ balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ORAI1 on hepatic lipidosis via ER stress in dairy cows. Liver tissue biopsies were collected from Holstein cows diagnosed as healthy (n=6) or with hepatic lipidosis (n=6). Protein and mRNA abundance of ER stress-related targets, lipogenic targets or the transcription regulator SREBP1 and ORAI1 were greater in cows with lipidosis. In vitro, hepatocytes were isolated from four healthy female calves and used for culture with a 1.2 mM mixture of fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic, and palmitoleic acid) for various times (0, 3, 6, 9 or 12 h). As incubation time progressed, increases in concentration of Ca2+ and abundance of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol requiring protein-1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6) protein in response to exogenous fatty acids underscored a mechanistic link among Ca2+, fatty acids and ER stress. In a subsequent study, hepatocytes were transfected with small interfering RNA (siORAI1) or the ORAI1 inhibitor BTP2 for 48 h or 2 h followed by a challenge with the 1.2 mM mixture of fatty acids for 6 h. Compared with control group, silencing or inhibition of ORAI1 led to decreased abundance of fatty acid synthesis (FASN, SREBP1 and ACACA) and ER stress-related proteins in bovine hepatocytes. Overall, data suggested that NEFA through ORAI1 regulate intracellular Ca2+ signaling, induce ER stress, and lead to lipidosis in isolated hepatocytes.

ACS Style

Ming Li; Wei Yang; Jianan Wen; Juan J Loor; Ahmad Aboragah; Jingjing Wang; Shuang Wang; Mingyang Li; Liyun Yu; Xilin Hou; Chuang Xu; Bingbing Zhang. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling and ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1) are associated with hepatic lipidosis in dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Ming Li, Wei Yang, Jianan Wen, Juan J Loor, Ahmad Aboragah, Jingjing Wang, Shuang Wang, Mingyang Li, Liyun Yu, Xilin Hou, Chuang Xu, Bingbing Zhang. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling and ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1) are associated with hepatic lipidosis in dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ming Li; Wei Yang; Jianan Wen; Juan J Loor; Ahmad Aboragah; Jingjing Wang; Shuang Wang; Mingyang Li; Liyun Yu; Xilin Hou; Chuang Xu; Bingbing Zhang. 2021. "Intracellular Ca2+ signaling and ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1) are associated with hepatic lipidosis in dairy cattle." Journal of Animal Science , no. : 1.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 13 May 2021 in Journal of Animal Science
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The occurrence of bovine ketosis involves the accumulation of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), which contributes to the initiation and acceleration of hepatic metabolic stress and inflammation. Metformin has other beneficial effects apart from its medical intervention for diabetes, such as prevention of laminitis and hyper-triglyceridemic. AMPK maintains energy homeostasis and is the intracellular target of metformin action. This study aims to uncover the role of metformin in modulating BHBA-induced inflammatory responses through the activation of AMPK signalling. The hepatocytes were isolated from the liver tissue of mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows (~160 d postpartum). Treatments were conducted as follows: treated with PBS for 18 h (control); pretreated with PBS for 12 h followed by treatment of 1.2 mM BHBA for 6 h (BHBA); pretreated with 1.5 mM or 3 mM metformin for 12 h followed by the BHBA treatment (1.2 mM) for 6 h (M(1.5)+B; M(3)+B). The inhibitor of AMPK, Compound C, at a concentration of 10 μM, was applied to substantiate the AMPK-dependent responses. RT-qPCR were applied for the mRNA expression while Western-blots and immunofluorescence were conducted for the target proteins expression. Among dose-dependent assays for BHBA, the concentration of BHBA at 1.2 mM activated NF-κB signaling by upregulating the expression of phosphorylated NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to the control cells (P < 0.05). Along with the upregulation of phosphorylated AMPKα and ACCα, metformin at 1.5 and 3 mM inactivated NF-κB signalling components (p65 and IκBα) and the inflammatory genes (TNFA, IL6, IL1B and COX-2) which were activated by BHBA. Additionally, BHBA inhibited cells staining intensity in EdU assay were increased by pretreatment with metformin. The activation of AMPK resulted in the increased gene and protein expression of SIRT1, along with the deacetylation of H3K9 and H3K14. However, the AMPK inhibitor compound C blocked this effect. Compared to BHBA treated cells, the protein expression of COX-2 and IL-1β were decreased by the pretreatment with metformin, and the inhibitory effect of metformin was released by compound C. The bound of NF-κB onto IL1B promoter displayed higher in BHBA group and this was suppressed by pretreatment with metformin (P < 0.05). Altogether, metformin attenuates the BHBA-induced inflammation through the inactivation of NF-κB as a target for AMPK/SIRT1 signalling in bovine hepatocytes.

ACS Style

Tianle Xu; Xubin Lu; Abdelaziz Adam Idriss Arbab; Xinyue Wu; Yongjiang Mao; Juan J Loor; Zhangping Yang. Metformin acts to suppress β-hydroxybutyric acid-mediated inflammatory responses through activation of AMPK signalling in bovine hepatocytes. Journal of Animal Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Tianle Xu, Xubin Lu, Abdelaziz Adam Idriss Arbab, Xinyue Wu, Yongjiang Mao, Juan J Loor, Zhangping Yang. Metformin acts to suppress β-hydroxybutyric acid-mediated inflammatory responses through activation of AMPK signalling in bovine hepatocytes. Journal of Animal Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tianle Xu; Xubin Lu; Abdelaziz Adam Idriss Arbab; Xinyue Wu; Yongjiang Mao; Juan J Loor; Zhangping Yang. 2021. "Metformin acts to suppress β-hydroxybutyric acid-mediated inflammatory responses through activation of AMPK signalling in bovine hepatocytes." Journal of Animal Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, a condition termed "ER stress," contributes to the development of liver injury in nonruminants. Because liver injury is a prominent pathological feature associated with overproduction of ketone bodies in dairy cows with ketosis, understanding the ER stress state and its functional consequences on liver injury is of particular interest. Here, 30 multiparous cows (within 3 wk postpartum) classified based on blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) as healthy (n = 15, BHB 3.0 mM) were used. Compared with healthy cows, ketotic cows had greater levels of serum fatty acids and activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase but lower serum glucose. Furthermore, dairy cows with ketosis had greater protein abundance of ER stress markers in liver tissue, including protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring protein-1α (IRE1α), and cleaved activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6). Cows with ketosis also had higher mRNA levels of hepatic 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and spliced X-box binding protein 1 (sXBP1). These data confirmed an enhanced ER stress state in clinically ketotic cows. To explore whether enhanced hepatic ER stress was induced by elevated ketone bodies and the possible contribution of ER stress to liver injury, in vitro experiments were then performed using isolated primary calf hepatocytes treated with incremental concentrations of BHB (0, 0.6, 1.2, 3.0, and 4.8 mM) for 12 h with or without overexpression of GRP78 (the master regulator of unfolded protein response). Phosphorylation levels of PERK and IRE1α proteins, level of cleaved ATF6 protein, and mRNA abundance of GRP78 and sXBP1 in hepatocytes increased after treatment with high (3.0 and 4.8 mM) BHB, indicating a mechanistic link between excessive BHB and enhanced hepatic ER stress. Furthermore, treatment with 3.0 and 4.8 mM BHB markedly elevated activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in cell supernatant, indicating exacerbated hepatocyte damage after ER stress was enhanced. Overexpression of GRP78 attenuated both BHB-induced ER stress and the ensuing cellular damage, suggesting that hepatocyte damage caused by excessive BHB can be mediated via enhanced ER stress. Overall, the present study revealed that ER stress may exacerbate liver injury development in clinically ketotic cows, underscoring the biological relevance of this pathway in the context of liver injury.

ACS Style

Zhen Shi; Yuxiang Song; Xinxing Gao; Juan J. Loor; Ahmad Aboragah; Hao Yu; Zhiyuan Fang; Yiwei Zhu; Xiliang Du; Xinwei Li; Wenwen Gao; Guowen Liu. Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis exacerbates liver injury in clinically ketotic cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Zhen Shi, Yuxiang Song, Xinxing Gao, Juan J. Loor, Ahmad Aboragah, Hao Yu, Zhiyuan Fang, Yiwei Zhu, Xiliang Du, Xinwei Li, Wenwen Gao, Guowen Liu. Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis exacerbates liver injury in clinically ketotic cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhen Shi; Yuxiang Song; Xinxing Gao; Juan J. Loor; Ahmad Aboragah; Hao Yu; Zhiyuan Fang; Yiwei Zhu; Xiliang Du; Xinwei Li; Wenwen Gao; Guowen Liu. 2021. "Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis exacerbates liver injury in clinically ketotic cows." Journal of Dairy Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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ACS Style

Wenwen Gao; Zhiyuan Fang; Lin Lei; Lingxue Ju; Bo Jin; Juan J. Loor; Yusheng Liang; Zhen Shi; Taiyu Shen; Hao Yu; Meng Chen; Hongsheng Ouyang; Yuxiang Song; Zhe Wang; Guowen Liu; Xinwei Li; Xiliang Du. Propionate alleviates palmitic acid–induced endoplasmic reticulum stress by enhancing autophagy in calf hepatic cells. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Wenwen Gao, Zhiyuan Fang, Lin Lei, Lingxue Ju, Bo Jin, Juan J. Loor, Yusheng Liang, Zhen Shi, Taiyu Shen, Hao Yu, Meng Chen, Hongsheng Ouyang, Yuxiang Song, Zhe Wang, Guowen Liu, Xinwei Li, Xiliang Du. Propionate alleviates palmitic acid–induced endoplasmic reticulum stress by enhancing autophagy in calf hepatic cells. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenwen Gao; Zhiyuan Fang; Lin Lei; Lingxue Ju; Bo Jin; Juan J. Loor; Yusheng Liang; Zhen Shi; Taiyu Shen; Hao Yu; Meng Chen; Hongsheng Ouyang; Yuxiang Song; Zhe Wang; Guowen Liu; Xinwei Li; Xiliang Du. 2021. "Propionate alleviates palmitic acid–induced endoplasmic reticulum stress by enhancing autophagy in calf hepatic cells." Journal of Dairy Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2021 in BMC Genomics
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Background Methionine (Met) supply during late-pregnancy enhances fetal development in utero and leads to greater rates of growth during the neonatal period. Due to its central role in coordinating nutrient and one-carbon metabolism along with immune responses of the newborn, the liver could be a key target of the programming effects induced by dietary methyl donors such as Met. To address this hypothesis, liver biopsies from 4-day old calves (n = 6/group) born to Holstein cows fed a control or the control plus ethyl-cellulose rumen-protected Met for the last 28 days prepartum were used for DNA methylation, transcriptome, metabolome, proteome, and one-carbon metabolism enzyme activities. Results Although greater withers and hip height at birth in Met calves indicated better development in utero, there were no differences in plasma systemic physiological indicators. RNA-seq along with bioinformatics and transcription factor regulator analyses revealed broad alterations in ‘Glucose metabolism’, ‘Lipid metabolism, ‘Glutathione’, and ‘Immune System’ metabolism due to enhanced maternal Met supply. Greater insulin sensitivity assessed via proteomics, and efficiency of transsulfuration pathway activity suggested beneficial effects on nutrient metabolism and metabolic-related stress. Maternal Met supply contributed to greater phosphatidylcholine synthesis in calf liver, with a role in very low density lipoprotein secretion as a mechanism to balance metabolic fates of fatty acids arising from the diet or adipose-depot lipolysis. Despite a lack of effect on hepatic amino acid (AA) transport, a reduction in metabolism of essential AA within the liver indicated an AA ‘sparing effect’ induced by maternal Met. Conclusions Despite greater global DNA methylation, maternal Met supply resulted in distinct alterations of hepatic transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome profiles after birth. Data underscored an effect on maintenance of calf hepatic Met homeostasis, glutathione, phosphatidylcholine and taurine synthesis along with greater efficiency of nutrient metabolism and immune responses. Transcription regulators such as FOXO1, PPARG, E2F1, and CREB1 appeared central in the coordination of effects induced by maternal Met. Overall, maternal Met supply induced better immunometabolic status of the newborn liver, conferring the calf a physiologic advantage during a period of metabolic stress and suboptimal immunocompetence.

ACS Style

Valentino Palombo; Abdulrahman Alharthi; Fernanda Batistel; Claudia Parys; Jessie Guyader; Erminio Trevisi; Mariasilvia D’Andrea; Juan J. Loor. Unique adaptations in neonatal hepatic transcriptome, nutrient signaling, and one-carbon metabolism in response to feeding ethyl cellulose rumen-protected methionine during late-gestation in Holstein cows. BMC Genomics 2021, 22, 1 -24.

AMA Style

Valentino Palombo, Abdulrahman Alharthi, Fernanda Batistel, Claudia Parys, Jessie Guyader, Erminio Trevisi, Mariasilvia D’Andrea, Juan J. Loor. Unique adaptations in neonatal hepatic transcriptome, nutrient signaling, and one-carbon metabolism in response to feeding ethyl cellulose rumen-protected methionine during late-gestation in Holstein cows. BMC Genomics. 2021; 22 (1):1-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valentino Palombo; Abdulrahman Alharthi; Fernanda Batistel; Claudia Parys; Jessie Guyader; Erminio Trevisi; Mariasilvia D’Andrea; Juan J. Loor. 2021. "Unique adaptations in neonatal hepatic transcriptome, nutrient signaling, and one-carbon metabolism in response to feeding ethyl cellulose rumen-protected methionine during late-gestation in Holstein cows." BMC Genomics 22, no. 1: 1-24.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 13 April 2021 in Journal of Animal Science
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The objective was to determine the effect forage to concentrate (F:C) ratio and stage of lactation on methane emissions, digestibility, nutrient balance, lactation performance, and metabolic responses in lactating goats. Twenty Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were used in an experiment divided into three periods: early (30 d), mid (100 d) and late (170 d) lactation. All goats were fed a diet with 35:65 F:C (FCL) during early-lactation. Then, one group (n = 10 goats) remained on FCL through mid and late-lactation while the other group (n = 10 goats) was fed a diet with 50:50 F:C at mid-lactation (FCM) and 65:35 (FCH) at late lactation. A greater proportion of concentrate in the diet was associated with greater overall intake and digestibility (P < 0.05). Energy balance was negative in early-lactation (-77 kJ/kg of BW 0.75, on average) and positive for FCL at mid and late-lactation (13 and 35 kJ/kg of BW 0.75, respectively). Goats fed FCM and FCH maintained negative energy balance throughout lactation. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) at mid-lactation were greater for FCM than FCL (680 mEq/L), and at late-lactation concentrations were greater for FCH and FCL (856 mEq/L). A similar response was detected for plasma ß-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Methane emission was greater (P < 0.05) for FCM than FCH (1.7 g CH4/d). This study demonstrated that differences in F:C across stages of lactation lead to distinct metabolic responses at the level of the rumen and tissues.

ACS Style

Carlos Fernández; Alberto Hernández; Julio Gomis-Tena; Juan J Loor. Changes in nutrient balance, methane emissions, physiologic biomarkers and production performance in goats fed different forage-to-concentrate ratios during lactation. Journal of Animal Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Carlos Fernández, Alberto Hernández, Julio Gomis-Tena, Juan J Loor. Changes in nutrient balance, methane emissions, physiologic biomarkers and production performance in goats fed different forage-to-concentrate ratios during lactation. Journal of Animal Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Fernández; Alberto Hernández; Julio Gomis-Tena; Juan J Loor. 2021. "Changes in nutrient balance, methane emissions, physiologic biomarkers and production performance in goats fed different forage-to-concentrate ratios during lactation." Journal of Animal Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2021 in Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
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Background We aimed to characterize the protective effects and the molecular mechanisms of action of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (NTK) in response to a mastitis challenge. Eighteen mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows (n = 9/group) were fed the control diet (CON) or CON supplemented with 19 g/d NTK for 45 d (phase 1, P1) and then infected in the right rear quarter with 2500 CFU of Streptococcus uberis (phase 2, P2). After 36-h, mammary gland and liver biopsies were collected and antibiotic treatment started until the end of P2 (9 d post challenge). Cows were then followed until day 75 (phase 3, P3). Milk yield (MY) and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded daily. Milk samples for somatic cell score were collected, and rectal and udder temperature, heart and respiration rate were recorded during the challenge period (P2) together with blood samples for metabolite and immune function analyses. Data were analyzed by phase using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS. Biopsies were used for transcriptomic analysis via RNA-sequencing, followed by pathway analysis. Results DMI and MY were not affected by diet in P1, but an interaction with time was recorded in P2 indicating a better recovery from the challenge in NTK compared with CON. NTK reduced rectal temperature, somatic cell score, and temperature of the infected quarter during the challenge. Transcriptome data supported these findings, as NTK supplementation upregulated mammary genes related to immune cell antibacterial function (e.g., CATHL4, NOS2), epithelial tissue protection (e.g. IL17C), and anti-inflammatory activity (e.g., ATF3, BAG3, IER3, G-CSF, GRO1, ZFAND2A). Pathway analysis indicated upregulation of tumor necrosis factor α, heat shock protein response, and p21 related pathways in the response to mastitis in NTK cows. Other pathways for detoxification and cytoprotection functions along with the tight junction pathway were also upregulated in NTK-fed cows. Conclusions Overall, results highlighted molecular networks involved in the protective effect of NTK prophylactic supplementation on udder health during a subclinical mastitic event.

ACS Style

M. Vailati-Riboni; D. N. Coleman; V. Lopreiato; A. Alharthi; R. E. Bucktrout; E. Abdel-Hamied; I. Martinez-Cortes; Y. Liang; E. Trevisi; I. Yoon; J. J. Loor. Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product improves udder health and immune response to a Streptococcus uberis mastitis challenge in mid-lactation dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021, 12, 1 -19.

AMA Style

M. Vailati-Riboni, D. N. Coleman, V. Lopreiato, A. Alharthi, R. E. Bucktrout, E. Abdel-Hamied, I. Martinez-Cortes, Y. Liang, E. Trevisi, I. Yoon, J. J. Loor. Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product improves udder health and immune response to a Streptococcus uberis mastitis challenge in mid-lactation dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2021; 12 (1):1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Vailati-Riboni; D. N. Coleman; V. Lopreiato; A. Alharthi; R. E. Bucktrout; E. Abdel-Hamied; I. Martinez-Cortes; Y. Liang; E. Trevisi; I. Yoon; J. J. Loor. 2021. "Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product improves udder health and immune response to a Streptococcus uberis mastitis challenge in mid-lactation dairy cows." Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 12, no. 1: 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2021 in Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
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Background Nutritional management in the dry period can alter body condition score (BCS) in dairy cows, a subjective measure of body fat. As such, differences in BCS during late-pregnancy not only mirror nutrient utilization by fat depots, but also can play important roles on the metabolic and hormonal environment. We investigated the association between cow BCS during late-pregnancy on developmental parameters and blood variables of neonatal calves. Forty-nine multiparous Holstein cows were retrospectively divided by prepartal BCS into normal BCS ≤3.25 (NormBCS; 3.02 ± 0.17, n = 30) or high BCS ≥3.75 (HighBCS; 3.83 ± 0.15, n = 19) groups. Plasma samples were collected from cows at − 10 d relative to parturition. Body weight, hip and wither height, hip width and body length were measured at birth and weekly through weaning (42 d of age) and until 9 weeks of age. Calf blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at birth (before receiving colostrum, 0 d), 24 h after first colostrum and at 7, 21, 42 and 50 d of age. The data were subjected to ANOVA using the mixed procedure of SAS. The statistical model included day, BCS, and their interactions. Results Dry matter intake (kg/d or % of body weight) during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy was lower (P ≤ 0.06) in HighBCS cows. Plasma concentrations of fatty acids, ceruloplasmin, and nitric oxide were greater overall (P < 0.05) at d − 10 prior to calving in HighBCS cows, and they tended (P = 0.08) to have greater concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites. Birth body weight was lower (P = 0.03) in calves born to dams with HighBCS. In addition, plasma concentrations of fatty acids, albumin and urea (P < 0.05) were greater in those calves. Although calves born to cows with HighBCS maintained a lower postnatal body weight (P = 0.04), hip and wither height, hip width, and body length, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in daily starter intake and average daily gain due to maternal BCS. Conclusions Overall, results highlight an association between BCS during late-gestation on in utero calf development and postnatal growth. A high maternal BCS during late-gestation was associated with lower calf body weights, which could be due to lower maternal intakes and a state of inflammation and metabolic stress.

ACS Style

A. S. Alharthi; D. N. Coleman; I. A. Alhidary; M. M. Abdelrahman; E. Trevisi; J. J. Loor. Maternal body condition during late-pregnancy is associated with in utero development and neonatal growth of Holstein calves. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021, 12, 1 -11.

AMA Style

A. S. Alharthi, D. N. Coleman, I. A. Alhidary, M. M. Abdelrahman, E. Trevisi, J. J. Loor. Maternal body condition during late-pregnancy is associated with in utero development and neonatal growth of Holstein calves. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2021; 12 (1):1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. S. Alharthi; D. N. Coleman; I. A. Alhidary; M. M. Abdelrahman; E. Trevisi; J. J. Loor. 2021. "Maternal body condition during late-pregnancy is associated with in utero development and neonatal growth of Holstein calves." Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 12, no. 1: 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Severe negative energy balance around parturition is an important contributor to ketosis, a metabolic disorder that occurs most frequently in the peripartal period. Autophagy and mitophagy are important processes responsible for breaking down useless or toxic cellular material, and in particular damaged mitochondria. However, the role of autophagy and mitophagy during the occurrence and development of ketosis is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate autophagy and mitophagy in the livers of cows with subclinical ketosis (SCK) and clinical ketosis (CK). We assessed autophagy by measuring the protein abundance of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II; encoded by MAP1LC3) and sequestosome-1 (p62, encoded by SQSTM1), as well as the mRNA abundance of autophagy-related genes 5 (ATG5), 7 (ATG7), and 12 (ATG12), beclin1 (BECN1), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (PIK3C3). Mitophagy was evaluated by measuring the protein abundance of the mitophagy upstream regulators PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin. Liver and blood samples were collected from healthy cows [n = 15; blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration 3.0 mM with clinical signs) with similar lactation numbers (median = 3, range = 2 to 4) and days in milk (median = 6, range = 3 to 9). The serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was greater in cows with CK than in healthy cows. Levels of oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were also higher in liver tissue from ketotic cows (SCK and CK) than from healthy cows. Compared with cows with CK and healthy cows, the hepatic mRNA abundance of MAP1LC3, SQSTM1, ATG5, ATG7, ATG12, and PIK3C3 was upregulated in cows with SCK. Compared with healthy cows, cows with SCK had a lower abundance of p62 and a greater abundance of LC3-II, but levels of both were higher in cows with CK. The mRNA abundance of ATG12 was lower in cows with CK than in healthy cows. Furthermore, the hepatic protein abundance of PINK1 and Parkin was greater in cows with SCK and slightly lower in cows with CK than in healthy cows. These data demonstrated differences in the hepatic activities of autophagy and mitophagy in cows with SCK compared with cows with CK. Although the precise mechanisms for these differences could not be discerned, autophagy and mitophagy seem to be involved in ketosis.

ACS Style

Taiyu Shen; Feng Xu; Zhiyuan Fang; Juan J. Loor; Hongsheng Ouyang; Meng Chen; Bo Jin; Xinghui Wang; Zhen Shi; Yiwei Zhu; Yusheng Liang; Lingxue Ju; Yuxiang Song; Zhe Wang; Xinwei Li; Xiliang Du; Guowen Liu. Hepatic autophagy and mitophagy status in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 4847 -4857.

AMA Style

Taiyu Shen, Feng Xu, Zhiyuan Fang, Juan J. Loor, Hongsheng Ouyang, Meng Chen, Bo Jin, Xinghui Wang, Zhen Shi, Yiwei Zhu, Yusheng Liang, Lingxue Ju, Yuxiang Song, Zhe Wang, Xinwei Li, Xiliang Du, Guowen Liu. Hepatic autophagy and mitophagy status in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (4):4847-4857.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Taiyu Shen; Feng Xu; Zhiyuan Fang; Juan J. Loor; Hongsheng Ouyang; Meng Chen; Bo Jin; Xinghui Wang; Zhen Shi; Yiwei Zhu; Yusheng Liang; Lingxue Ju; Yuxiang Song; Zhe Wang; Xinwei Li; Xiliang Du; Guowen Liu. 2021. "Hepatic autophagy and mitophagy status in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 4: 4847-4857.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Adipose tissue concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases in dairy cows with ketosis, suggesting that the tissue experiences oxidative stress. Autophagy, an adaptive response to cellular stress, has been shown to promote survival and plays a critical role in antioxidant responses. Dysregulation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is closely related to antioxidant responses and autophagy of adipocytes in animal models of metabolic disorders, but its role in bovine adipose tissue during periods of stress is unknown. We hypothesized that AMPK may play important roles in the regulation of oxidative stress in adipose tissue of ketotic cows. Specific objectives were to evaluate autophagy status and AMPK activity in adipose tissue of ketotic cows, and their link with oxidative stress in isolated bovine adipocytes. Selection of 15 healthy and 15 clinically ketotic Holstein cows at 17 (±4) d postpartum was performed after a thorough veterinary evaluation for clinical symptoms and also based on serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations before collection of subcutaneous adipose tissue samples. Primary cultures of bovine adipocytes isolated from the harvested adipose tissue were stimulated with varying concentrations of H2O2 (0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 μM) for 2 h. In another experiment, adipocytes were cultured with the AMPK activator A769662 or adenovirus-containing small interfering RNA (ad-AMPKα-siRNA) for 3 or 48 h, respectively, followed by H2O2 exposure (200 μM) for 2 h. Compared with healthy cows, clinical ketosis led to increased abundance of AMPK and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2), but lower abundance of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) in adipose tissue. Abundance of the key proautophagy proteins Beclin1, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7), ATG5, and ratio of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) II to LC3I were greater in adipose tissue of ketotic cows. In bovine adipocytes, treatment with H2O2 induced accumulation of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas H2O2 stimulation inhibited activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Addition of AMPK activator A769662 increased antioxidant response via activating NFE2L2 and its downstream targets heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) to improve H2O2-induced oxidative stress in adipocytes. Simultaneously, activation of AMPK increased abundance of Beclin1, SQSTM1, ATG7, ATG5, and ratio of LC3II to LC3I. In contrast, inhibition of AMPK downregulated abundance of NFE2L2, HMOX1, SOD1, CAT, Beclin1, SQSTM1, ATG7, ATG5, and ratio of LC3II to LC3I, and further aggravated H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Overall, these data indicate that activation of AMPK, as an adaptive mechanism for acute metabolic regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis, can induce antioxidant responses and autophagy, and further reduce oxidative stress in bovine adipocytes.

ACS Style

Qiushi Xu; Yunhui Fan; Juan J. Loor; Yusheng Liang; Xudong Sun; Hongdou Jia; Chenxu Zhao; Chuang Xu. Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase ameliorates bovine adipocyte oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant responses and autophagy. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 4516 -4528.

AMA Style

Qiushi Xu, Yunhui Fan, Juan J. Loor, Yusheng Liang, Xudong Sun, Hongdou Jia, Chenxu Zhao, Chuang Xu. Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase ameliorates bovine adipocyte oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant responses and autophagy. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (4):4516-4528.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiushi Xu; Yunhui Fan; Juan J. Loor; Yusheng Liang; Xudong Sun; Hongdou Jia; Chenxu Zhao; Chuang Xu. 2021. "Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase ameliorates bovine adipocyte oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant responses and autophagy." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 4: 4516-4528.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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Preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation are critical for normal adipose tissue development, including achieving a mature phenotype, characterized by its ability to accumulate triacylglycerol and release fatty acids. In nonruminants, it is well known that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the most-active form of vitamin A, helps regulate proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in several types of cells including adipocytes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ATRA on proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and lipolysis of primary bovine adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of 5 healthy Holstein cows at 17 (±4 standard deviations) d postpartum. Cells were stimulated with increasing concentrations of ATRA (0.2, 2, and 20 nM) at the preconfluent (2 d) and postconfluent (8 d) preadipocyte stage or at the mature adipocyte stage (2 d). All concentrations of ATRA inhibited preconfluent preadipocyte proliferation with decreased proportion of S-phase cells and reduced protein abundance of cyclins (CCND1, CCND2, CCND3, CCNE1) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK2, CDK4, CDK6). Compared with vehicle, ATRA treatment induced apoptosis in preconfluent preadipocytes. Additionally, ATRA (0.2, 2, and 20 nM) supplementation also inhibited differentiation of postconfluent preadipocytes through downregulation of protein abundance of PPARγ and C/EBPα. After induction of differentiation, basal lipolysis in mature adipocytes increased upon treatment with all concentrations of ATRA. However, data on phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase or PLIN1 indicated that ATRA had no effect on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis in mature adipocytes. Overall, these results demonstrate that ATRA might inhibit lipid accumulation by suppressing preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, subsequently leading to apoptosis in postconfluent preadipocytes and promoting basal lipolysis in mature adipocytes. Overall, these in vitro responses provide some insights into the potential for nutritional management to modulate adipose tissue lipolysis, particularly in overconditioned cows during the dry period, which are more susceptible to suffer metabolic disorders due to excessive fat mobilization postpartum.

ACS Style

Qiushi Xu; Yunhui Fan; Juan J. Loor; Yusheng Liang; Xudong Sun; Hongdou Jia; Chenxu Zhao; Chuang Xu. All-trans retinoic acid controls differentiation, proliferation, and lipolysis in isolated subcutaneous adipocytes from peripartal Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 4999 -5008.

AMA Style

Qiushi Xu, Yunhui Fan, Juan J. Loor, Yusheng Liang, Xudong Sun, Hongdou Jia, Chenxu Zhao, Chuang Xu. All-trans retinoic acid controls differentiation, proliferation, and lipolysis in isolated subcutaneous adipocytes from peripartal Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (4):4999-5008.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiushi Xu; Yunhui Fan; Juan J. Loor; Yusheng Liang; Xudong Sun; Hongdou Jia; Chenxu Zhao; Chuang Xu. 2021. "All-trans retinoic acid controls differentiation, proliferation, and lipolysis in isolated subcutaneous adipocytes from peripartal Holstein cows." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 4: 4999-5008.

Paper
Published: 17 March 2021 in Food & Function
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The Milk FA and transcriptome of bovine mammary tissue indicated that LCFA transport into mammary cells during late lactation. In vitro test underscored how FA transport via SLC27A6 could dictate the utilization of FA for TG synthesis versus oxidation.

ACS Style

Huimin Zhang; Ziliang Shen; Zhendong Yang; Hui Jiang; Shuangfeng Chu; Yongjiang Mao; Mingxun Li; Zhi Chen; Ahmad Aboragah; Juan J. Loor; Zhangping Yang. Abundance of solute carrier family 27 member 6 (SLC27A6) in the bovine mammary gland alters fatty acid metabolism. Food & Function 2021, 12, 4909 -4920.

AMA Style

Huimin Zhang, Ziliang Shen, Zhendong Yang, Hui Jiang, Shuangfeng Chu, Yongjiang Mao, Mingxun Li, Zhi Chen, Ahmad Aboragah, Juan J. Loor, Zhangping Yang. Abundance of solute carrier family 27 member 6 (SLC27A6) in the bovine mammary gland alters fatty acid metabolism. Food & Function. 2021; 12 (11):4909-4920.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huimin Zhang; Ziliang Shen; Zhendong Yang; Hui Jiang; Shuangfeng Chu; Yongjiang Mao; Mingxun Li; Zhi Chen; Ahmad Aboragah; Juan J. Loor; Zhangping Yang. 2021. "Abundance of solute carrier family 27 member 6 (SLC27A6) in the bovine mammary gland alters fatty acid metabolism." Food & Function 12, no. 11: 4909-4920.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2021
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D W Yao; J Ma; C L Yang; L L Chen; Q Y He; D N Coleman; T Z Wang; X L Jiang; J Luo; Y Ma; J J Loor. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) suppresses triacylglycerol accumulation and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in goat mammary epithelial cells. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

D W Yao, J Ma, C L Yang, L L Chen, Q Y He, D N Coleman, T Z Wang, X L Jiang, J Luo, Y Ma, J J Loor. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) suppresses triacylglycerol accumulation and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in goat mammary epithelial cells. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D W Yao; J Ma; C L Yang; L L Chen; Q Y He; D N Coleman; T Z Wang; X L Jiang; J Luo; Y Ma; J J Loor. 2021. "Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) suppresses triacylglycerol accumulation and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in goat mammary epithelial cells." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2021 in Animals
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The objective of this study was to evaluate short-term variations of trans fatty acids (TFA) in plasma lipoproteins and ruminal fermentation parameters of non-lactating cows subjected to ruminal pulses of vegetable oils. Three non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows, each with a ruminal cannula, were arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three-day pulsing periods and four-day washout intervals between treatments. Cows were treated with single ruminal pulses of: (1) control (skimmed milk (SM); 500 mL); (2) soybean oil (SO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM) and (3) partially-hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM). Time changes after infusion in TFA contents were only observed for plasma C18:1 trans-4, trans-5 and trans-12, and high-density lipoprotein fraction C18:1 trans-9. After ruminal pulses, concentration of acetate decreased linearly; molar concentrations of propionate and valerate increased linearly; molar concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate changed quadratically and were greater at 1 h than at other times. There was an accumulation of several C18:1 TFA in plasma and lipoproteins, especially on the third day of pulsing. Overall, naturally occurring C18:1 TFA isomers (produced during ruminal biohydrogenation of SO) and preformed TFA (supplied by PHVO) elicited differential TFA partitioning and transport in plasma and lipoproteins.

ACS Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Juan Loor; Philip Garnsworthy. Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils. Animals 2021, 11, 788 .

AMA Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Juan Loor, Philip Garnsworthy. Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils. Animals. 2021; 11 (3):788.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Juan Loor; Philip Garnsworthy. 2021. "Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils." Animals 11, no. 3: 788.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Journal of Dairy Science
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ACS Style

R.E. Bucktrout; N. Ma; A. Aboragah; A.S. Alharthi; Y. Liang; V. Lopreiato; M.G. Lopes; E. Trevisi; I.A. Alhidary; C. Fernandez; J.J. Loor. One-carbon, carnitine, and glutathione metabolism-related biomarkers in peripartal Holstein cows are altered by prepartal body condition. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 3403 -3417.

AMA Style

R.E. Bucktrout, N. Ma, A. Aboragah, A.S. Alharthi, Y. Liang, V. Lopreiato, M.G. Lopes, E. Trevisi, I.A. Alhidary, C. Fernandez, J.J. Loor. One-carbon, carnitine, and glutathione metabolism-related biomarkers in peripartal Holstein cows are altered by prepartal body condition. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (3):3403-3417.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R.E. Bucktrout; N. Ma; A. Aboragah; A.S. Alharthi; Y. Liang; V. Lopreiato; M.G. Lopes; E. Trevisi; I.A. Alhidary; C. Fernandez; J.J. Loor. 2021. "One-carbon, carnitine, and glutathione metabolism-related biomarkers in peripartal Holstein cows are altered by prepartal body condition." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 3: 3403-3417.