Grid Computing is a set of resources; the separate computational power of these resources has combination to execute a huge task. Usually, in a Computational Grid environment, the main resource is the Central Processing Unit (CPU), mostly used in research fields that demand high computational power to perform massive and complicated calculations. Cloud Computing is a promising computing pattern which offers facilities and common resources on demand over the Web. The implementation of cloud computing applications has high priority, especially in the modern world, for example in providing adequate funding for social services and purchasing programs. In this paper, we discuss the implementation of cloud computing over a Smart Grid: reliable, guaranteed and efficient with low cost, it is expected to offer Long Term Evolution (LTE). This allows larger pieces of the spectrum, or bands, to be used, with greater coverage and less latency. The third technology is the Vehicular Network, an important research area because of its unique features and potential applications. In this survey, we present an overview of the smart grid, LTE and vehicular network integrated with cloud computing. We also highlight the open issues and research directions in implementing these technologies with cloud computing in terms of energy and information management for smart grids; applying cloud computing platforms for 4G networks to achieve specific criteria; and finally architectural formation, privacy and security for vehicular cloud computing.

The metaverse, which is considered to be the next evolutionary stage of the Internet, has captured the attention of both academia and industry. Its primary goal is to establish a shared 3D virtual space that interconnects all virtual worlds through the Internet. In this shared space, users are represented as digital avatars, enabling them to communicate, interact with each other, and engage with the virtual environment as if they were in the physical world. However, realizing the full potential of the metaverse poses significant challenges, such as the requirement for higher throughput compared to current social VR platforms and the need to minimize latency to just a few milliseconds to uphold a truly immersive user experience. Caching is a critical aspect of optimizing data access on the current Internet, and it is equally crucial for addressing similar challenges in Web 3.0 and the metaverse. This paper explores different caching strategies suggested to address these challenges on the current Internet and assesses their potential relevance to the metaverse. Caching strategies are categorized into three groups: web caching, mobile caching, and Internet of Things (IoT) caching. Recent solutions are then examined to determine their relevance to the metaverse. Finally, the paper discusses open research challenges and potential future research directions in this domain.