The class of heterocyclic compounds known as thiazole is found in many natural and synthetic products with a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, antiparkinsonian and anti-inflammatory activities that can be well illustrated by the large number of drugs in the market containing this function group. Due to its importance, the aim of this review is to highlight the synthesis and biological activity of the thiazole natural products reported between 2000 and 2004.

This review explores the wide range of compounds that are being identified as antileishmanial drug prototypes, summarize the advances in identifying innovative treatments and explore the state-of-art of vaccines and immunomodulation strategies.