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The coronavirus crisis has led to a succession of urgent changes in the field of university education. At Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), during the first half of 2020, teaching was adapted to the online modality, learning methodologies were transformed and online evaluation was implemented. The university already had a digital platform, although the change had to deal with certain obstacles as some professors and/or students lacked the adequate technological means or did not have the necessary digital skills to abruptly adapt to the new context. When facing next academic year planning, the 2020-21, in the specific case of the Faculty of Legal and Social Sciences (FCJS), which hosts 57% of the total number of students at the URJC, it was necessary to draw the new scenario in which it was decided to return to the classrooms according to a hybrid system. Teachers and students have noted the importance of classroom teaching due to advantages such as the richness of the study environment and university life with all its implications. Given the diversity of the degrees taught at the FCJS, we conclude that online teaching enables interaction between teacher and student but limits the development of certain skills of students in key aspects of this formative stage. Resumen La crisis del coronavirus en el ámbito de la educación universitaria ha dado lugar a una sucesión de cambios urgentes en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC). Durante la primera mitad del 2020 se adaptó la docencia a la modalidad online, se transformaron las metodologías docentes y se llevó a cabo la evaluación online. La universidad contaba ya con una plataforma digital, aunque el cambio no estuvo exento de obstáculos ya que algunos profesores y/o alumnos carecían de medios tecnológicos adecuados o bien no contaban con las habilidades digitales necesarias para adaptarse de forma abrupta al nuevo contexto. Para afrontar el siguiente curso 2020-21, en el caso concreto de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales (FCJS), que acoge al 57% del total de estudiantes de la URJC, hubo que planificar el nuevo escenario en el que se optó por el regreso a las aulas según un sistema híbrido. Docentes y estudiantes han constatado la importancia de la docencia presencial por ventajas tales como la riqueza del entorno de estudio y la vida universitaria, con todas sus implicaciones. Dada la diversidad de los grados que se imparten en la FCJS, concluimos que la docencia online posibilita la interacción entre docente y estudiante, pero limita el desarrollo de ciertas habilidades de los estudiantes en aspectos clave propios de esta etapa formativa.
Ana Medina López; María Luisa Delgado Jalón; Ángeles Cámara Sánchez. CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 IN HIGHER EDUCATION. ONLINE OR PRESENTIAL TEACHING? Journal of Management and Business Education 2021, 275 -288.
AMA StyleAna Medina López, María Luisa Delgado Jalón, Ángeles Cámara Sánchez. CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 IN HIGHER EDUCATION. ONLINE OR PRESENTIAL TEACHING? Journal of Management and Business Education. 2021; ():275-288.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Medina López; María Luisa Delgado Jalón; Ángeles Cámara Sánchez. 2021. "CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 IN HIGHER EDUCATION. ONLINE OR PRESENTIAL TEACHING?" Journal of Management and Business Education , no. : 275-288.
The continuous increase in freshwater consumption threatens water availability worldwide, especially in dry and arid regions. In this paper, we evaluate the sustainability of water use in Spain, a Mediterranean country that suffers from a permanent imbalance between water availability and water use. Our method, based on the input–output (IO) model, calculates the total water requirements of the Spanish production system. According to input–output assumptions, however, factors (i.e., labor and capital) and resources (such as natural goods or human capital) are not fully employed (not completely used), and therefore any expansion in demand is thought to always be automatically covered by production activities. This assumption seems unrealistic in water-scarce regions since it implies the following: (i) water resources are not quantitatively limited, and (ii) demand inflows can be fully produced and completely covered by the corresponding water requirements (i.e., the IO model assumes that water is always underused). To address this weakness in input–output water applications, we present a method that combines input–output analysis and sustainability criteria by incorporating physical environmental measurements that take into account thresholds in water usage. In particular, the Water Exploitation Index (WEI) evaluates whether water availability is sufficient to satisfy changes in demand in a sustainable or unsustainable way. Application of this index to Spanish water usage shows that services and manufacturing are linked to an unsustainable use of water.
Ángeles Cámara; Maria Llop. Defining Sustainability in an Input–Output Model: An Application to Spanish Water Use. Water 2020, 13, 1 .
AMA StyleÁngeles Cámara, Maria Llop. Defining Sustainability in an Input–Output Model: An Application to Spanish Water Use. Water. 2020; 13 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁngeles Cámara; Maria Llop. 2020. "Defining Sustainability in an Input–Output Model: An Application to Spanish Water Use." Water 13, no. 1: 1.
The greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere are an economic and environmental problem. In this work we make a detailed study of the emissions from the branches of the Spanish energy sector. To this end, we have developed for the Spanish economy a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) with Environmental Accounts, considering the six greenhouse gases that the Kyoto Protocol states. In this SAM, the energy sector appears disaggregated in eight sectors, including renewable branches, in order to distinguish the emissions of each type of energy. The analysis is performed using a linear multisector model applied to the SAM, which allows us to obtain the emissions, both direct and indirect, caused by each branch of the Spanish energy sector. Finally, we evaluate the impact in emissions caused by a shift in the household energy consumption towards renewable energy.
Ángeles Cámara Sánchez; Mónica Flores García; Patricia D. Fuentes Saguar. Análisis de las emisiones asociadas al sector energético en España. Studies of Applied Economics 2020, 31, 151 -170.
AMA StyleÁngeles Cámara Sánchez, Mónica Flores García, Patricia D. Fuentes Saguar. Análisis de las emisiones asociadas al sector energético en España. Studies of Applied Economics. 2020; 31 (1):151-170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁngeles Cámara Sánchez; Mónica Flores García; Patricia D. Fuentes Saguar. 2020. "Análisis de las emisiones asociadas al sector energético en España." Studies of Applied Economics 31, no. 1: 151-170.
The article analyzes and deals with the problems associated to exclusion of persons with disabilities from the workforce based on the impact it has in the context of economic and social dimensions, considering the fact that it results in high cost because of such exclusion. Specifically, it estimates the macroeconomic cost to the Spanish economy by modeling the incorporation of this collective into the job market. Varying types of inclusion are proposed, which are defined in terms of the different barriers that this collective encounters when attempting to access the job market. In this article, these barriers are divided between those that result from a labor gap and those that result from an education gap. The study then quantifies the macroeconomic benefits resulting from an increased participation of persons with disabilities in the workforce.
Angeles Cámara; Mª Isabel Martínez; Rosa Santero-Sánchez. Macroeconomic cost of excluding persons with disabilities from the workforce in Spain. IZA Journal of Labor Policy 2020, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleAngeles Cámara, Mª Isabel Martínez, Rosa Santero-Sánchez. Macroeconomic cost of excluding persons with disabilities from the workforce in Spain. IZA Journal of Labor Policy. 2020; 10 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngeles Cámara; Mª Isabel Martínez; Rosa Santero-Sánchez. 2020. "Macroeconomic cost of excluding persons with disabilities from the workforce in Spain." IZA Journal of Labor Policy 10, no. 1: 1.
The aim of this paper is to show the contributions to general equilibrium modelling that have been applied to regional economies. We begin with a description of the Social Accounting Matrices constructed for different regions to then expose the different General Equilibrium Models that have been developed using these matrices as database. The work aims to provide a detailed look at how it has strengthened this area of research over the past years.
Ángeles Cámara Sánchez; Manuel Alejandro Cardenete Flores; Jose Ramón Monrobel Alcántara. Matrices de Contabilidad Social y Modelos de Equilibrio General Aplicado elaborados en España a nivel regional. Studies of Applied Economics 2020, 32, 427 -454.
AMA StyleÁngeles Cámara Sánchez, Manuel Alejandro Cardenete Flores, Jose Ramón Monrobel Alcántara. Matrices de Contabilidad Social y Modelos de Equilibrio General Aplicado elaborados en España a nivel regional. Studies of Applied Economics. 2020; 32 (1):427-454.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁngeles Cámara Sánchez; Manuel Alejandro Cardenete Flores; Jose Ramón Monrobel Alcántara. 2020. "Matrices de Contabilidad Social y Modelos de Equilibrio General Aplicado elaborados en España a nivel regional." Studies of Applied Economics 32, no. 1: 427-454.
In recent decades, fishing sustainability has been subject to intense international debate. Overfishing and contamination of the marine environment are elements that contribute to a reduction in fish stock and catches, often leading to declining income and employment, especially in rural areas. We present a sustainable fisheries model that promotes artisanal fishing while incorporating replacement rates of fish stock and actions that benefit the fishing industry. First, the sustainable fisheries model defines the guidelines and actions that may apply either together or independently, sequentially, or simultaneously, according to a defined budget. These concrete actions are quantified and incorporated into an environmentally extended input-output model to evaluate the economic impact on the Spanish fishing industry. The impact is complemented with an assessment of social impact (employment) and environmental impact (estimated reduction of CO2 emissions).
Angeles Cámara; Rosa Santero-Sánchez. Economic, Social, and Environmental Impact of a Sustainable Fisheries Model in Spain. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6311 .
AMA StyleAngeles Cámara, Rosa Santero-Sánchez. Economic, Social, and Environmental Impact of a Sustainable Fisheries Model in Spain. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6311.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngeles Cámara; Rosa Santero-Sánchez. 2019. "Economic, Social, and Environmental Impact of a Sustainable Fisheries Model in Spain." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6311.
We present here an application of a multisector economic model to simulate the impact of investing in energy-efficiency-related sectors. Given the value chain of energy production shows several aspects to be improved, this paper intends to identify the economic sectors where investment should be allocated in order to reach the targeted energy efficiency levels in the overall economic system. We expect that an improvement in energy efficiency will bring a fall in electricity demand. Simulating these impacts will enable an assessment of the macroeconomic effects of such demand-side changes in Spain. For simulation purposes, we will use input–output methodology, based on data from a Spanish input–output table from the year 2012 that we have constructed. The scenario used for modeling has been obtained from the objectives proposed by the European Union for 2030, specifically the one promoting an increase to at least a 27% increase in energy efficiency compared with the business-as-usual scenario. This demand-side model enables us to measure the potential sector-by-sector growth of the Spanish economy and to calculate households’ expected savings in energy bills due to the implementation of energy efficiency measures. The impacts of employment and CO2 emissions are also quantified as a result of the investments aimed at improving energy efficiency.
Ana Medina; Ángeles Cámara; José-Ramón Monrobel. Measuring the Socioeconomic and Environmental Effects of Energy Efficiency Investments for a More Sustainable Spanish Economy. Sustainability 2016, 8, 1039 .
AMA StyleAna Medina, Ángeles Cámara, José-Ramón Monrobel. Measuring the Socioeconomic and Environmental Effects of Energy Efficiency Investments for a More Sustainable Spanish Economy. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (10):1039.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Medina; Ángeles Cámara; José-Ramón Monrobel. 2016. "Measuring the Socioeconomic and Environmental Effects of Energy Efficiency Investments for a More Sustainable Spanish Economy." Sustainability 8, no. 10: 1039.
The main purpose of this study was to present an applied general equilibrium model to the economy of the Madrid region. The model developed is considered a neoclassical version of the Walrasian equilibrium, modelling production sectors on perfect competition, full use of production factors and the clearing of all markets of goods. The model thus enables the second objective of the study: to estimate the impact of the 2007–2013 Structural Funds received on the economy of the Madrid region. The effects resulting from the injection of the funds are quantified by simulations performed using the developed model. This analysis of the quantification of effects is extremely important, as the priority objectives of the European Regional Policy have changed with respect to the previous period. In the current operational programme, the Madrid region comes under the regional competitiveness objective, which focuses on the priorities of innovation, research, the information society and business development. The sectors that have traditionally benefited, mainly infrastructure, therefore give way to others and the injection of funds into the Madrid economy is to be through other areas. In addition, there has been a reduction of the European aid received by our Region, as compared with previous Programmes.
Jose-Ramon Monrobel; Angeles Camara; Miguel-Angel Marcos. Modelling European Regional Policy 2007–2013: Applied General Equilibrium Analysis of the Economic Impact on the Madrid Region. European Planning Studies 2013, 21, 264 -280.
AMA StyleJose-Ramon Monrobel, Angeles Camara, Miguel-Angel Marcos. Modelling European Regional Policy 2007–2013: Applied General Equilibrium Analysis of the Economic Impact on the Madrid Region. European Planning Studies. 2013; 21 (2):264-280.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJose-Ramon Monrobel; Angeles Camara; Miguel-Angel Marcos. 2013. "Modelling European Regional Policy 2007–2013: Applied General Equilibrium Analysis of the Economic Impact on the Madrid Region." European Planning Studies 21, no. 2: 264-280.