The plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites, a bioactive compound that has various activities. Flavonoids, as a type of secondary metabolite, have been reported to possess anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. Flavonoid has been found abundantly in Neem (Azadirachta indica Juss.) leaves. The difference in total flavonoid content might be an occurrence of the different solvent types and concentrations. The present study was conducted to analyze the phytochemical and determine the total flavonoid content of neem leaves extract using two different solvents (namely 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate) using UV-Vis spectrophotometric. The extraction from neem leaves was performed by maceration method. Phytochemical analysis of neem leaves reveals several secondary metabolites: flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins. Total flavonoid content from both extracts was determined by utilizing the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method at a maximum wavelength of 428.2 nm with three repetitions, and also quercetin was used as a standard. Total flavonoid content from neem leaves extract in solvents of 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate had a value of 118.57 ± 0.08 mg/g QE and 74.17 ± 0.20 mg/g QE, respectively. Neem leaves extract in solvents of 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate had identical phytochemical content. Total flavonoid content of neem leaves from 70% ethanol extract was higher than ethyl acetate extract.

Background: Among all cancers, breast cancer accounts for 11.7% of new cases and 6.9% of deaths worldwide. This is driven by increased estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PgR) expression. Many breast cancer drugs cause various side effects. Modifying the structure of pinostrobin by adding acyl groups to obtain 5-O-acetylpinostrobin derivatives can increase its activity and selectivity. Objective: This study aimed to predict the interaction of 5-O-acetylpinostrobin derivatives with ERα and PgR. Method: A molecular docking approach using AutodockTool. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) was used to obtain ID 3ERT (ERα) and 2W8Y (PgR). Result: The analysis showed the value of free energy binding (ΔG) to ERα with a range of -8.58 to -5.76 kcal/mol and an inhibition concentration (Ki) of 0.51 to 59.91 μM. PgR had ΔG values of -12.37 to -8.30 kcal/mol and Ki of 0.86 to 830.64 nM. Conclusion: The study showed that 5-O-4-(dimethylamino)benzoylpinostrobin, 5-O-cyclohexancarbonylpinostrobin, 5-O-2-phenylacetylpinostrobin, 5-O-3-phenylpropanoylpinostrobin, and 5-O-cyclobutanecarbonylpinostrobin have the potential to be synthesised and serve as the basis for the development of new anticancer compounds that inhibit ERα and PgR in breast cancer.

Bahan tambahan berbahaya memiliki potensi buruk terhadap gangguan kesehatan. Umumnya jamu dan kosmetik yang beredar di masyarakat merupakan produk yang aman. Namun semakin maraknya peredaran jamu memicu penambahan bahan tambahan berbahaya untuk meningkatkan efek terapi. Kosmetik digunakan untuk membersihkan, mewangikan, mengubah penampilan dan/atau memperbaiki bau badan tubuh pada kondisi baik. Penggunaan jenis kosmetik yang luas menjadikannya daya tarik tinggi di masyarakat. untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan rasa peduli terhadap bahan tambahan berbahaya pada jamu dan kosmetik yang telah beredar di masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil observasi bahwa secara keseluruhan santri yang berada di Pondok Pesantren Madjid Amin merupakan mahasiswa aktif dan bisa dikatakan sudah mencapai umur dewasa. Sehingga tidak jarang penggunaan jamu dan kosmetik banyak digemari oleh orang dewasa. Metode penyuluhan melalui presentasi materi, pelatihan dengan praktik langsung, serta pemberian kuesioner sebelum dan sesudah acara. Hasil kegiatan penyuluhan menunjukkan bahwa santri sangat antusias terhadap materi dan banyak memberikan pertanyaan kepada pemateri. Selain itu, pada saat praktik identifikasi bahan berbahaya, santri mampu mengidentifikasi kandungan bahan tambahan berbahaya pada kosmetik atau jamu yang diberikan oleh tim pengabdi. Kegiatan penyuluhan dinyatakan berhasil dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan pada santri.

Background: Flavonoids are widely employed as phytomedicines and as secondary metabolites generated by plants, where they serve key roles in plant physiology. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities are only a few of the potential biological effects of flavonoids. The discovery of medicinal plants containing flavonoid chemicals is potential as a supportive and preventative treatment, notably for COVID-19 which has caused a pandemic in several countries, including Indonesia. Objective: This study aimed to determine the total flavonoid content in the ethanolic extracts of C. asiatica leaves and Imperata cylindrica roots to find the potential of flavonoid-rich plants as an alternative source of COVID-19 treatment. Methods: The ethanolic extracts from the combination of C. asiatica leaves and I. cylindrica roots (with five combination ratios) were tested for total flavonoid content using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method. The total flavonoid content of the extract combination was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. Results: The total flavonoid contents of the combination of C. asiatica leaf and I. cylindrica root extracts at a ratio of 1:1, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1, and 1:4 were 45.88 ± 0.08, 42.14 ± 0.08, 40.52 ± 0.08, 66.28 ± 0.08, and 40.88 ± 0.13 mg/g EQ, respectively. The homogeneity with Levene's test obtained a p-value of 0.303. The one-way ANOVA exhibited the p-value of F-test statistics < 0.001. Conclusion: The total flavonoid contents of ethanolic extracts from C. asiatica leaves and I. cylindrica roots are at a ratio of 4:1 > 1:1 > 2:3 > 1:4 > 3:2. The high total flavonoid content plays a role in increasing anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities in COVID-19 patients. Keywords: Total flavonoid content, C. asiatica, I. cylindrica, UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, COVID-19

The problem of students who live in dormitories often experience itching due to the transmission of scabies disease caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, poor sanitation environments, such as hanging dirty clothes and bedding which serve as preferred living habitat other than in human skin. Scabies mites can survive 2-3 days in the external environment of the body, especially on fabrics such as clothes, towels, and mattresses. The personal hygiene of students and the habits of students do not apply Clean and Healthy Living Behavior, such as the habit of littering. Toilets are poorly maintained and do not wash their hands when consuming snacks; even allowing clogged drains can cause puddles at risk of falling due to slippery floors causing accidents for students, even though the management of the boarding school has given directions and appeals to students, but the application is still low. The method of implementing training activities is carried out by means of active interaction, active discussion, and role play with students and direct practice of waste treatment using a modified model of photochemical technology and a rapid sand filter. Increasing the understanding of students managerially using the herbal game traffic method approach is expected to be able to increase awareness and sensitivity in solving these problems. The results of the analysis of students' knowledge can understand that the cleanliness of clothes, towels, and tools can affect the transmission of scabies. The level of understanding of students is 0.43%. In PKM training activities, there are 98% of students who have increased their understanding of healthy and nutritious nutrition and can be developed in Islamic boarding schools as healthy snacks, while the practice of herbal games is still a model for problem recognition, and herbal solutions are said to be rarely applied by 40% to prevent scabies, both using herbal preparations and the application of clean and healthy living behaviors. Keywords: Santri, herbal game traffic, scabies, rapid sand filler, photochemistry

In previous research, the leaves of the papaya (Carica papaya) have demonstrated potential as an antihypertensive drug. However, research on papaya leaves as an antihypertensive treatment is still rare, especially on its inhibition mechanism of β1 adrenergic receptor and phenylalanine hydrolase receptor. Hence, in silico studies were performed to examine molecularly at the bonding of active substances of papaya leaves with the target proteins. Molecular docking in silico studies were used to examine the free binding energy affinity ∆G and amino acid residue similarity of inhibition mechanism trough β1 adrenergic receptor (code: 7BVQ) and phenylalanine hydrolase receptor (code: 6PAH) to the control carazolol and L-dopa as well as the active substance of the leaves of the papaya. The free bond energy (∆G) and percentage of amino acid residue equation of active compounds of papaya leaves on β1 adrenergic receptor were myricetin (∆G -9.3 kcal/mol, amino acid residue equation 66%), linoleic acid (-6.8 , 66%) and ferulic acid (-7.6, 66%). As for phenylalanine hydrolase receptor the values of carpaine (∆G -8.5 kcal/mol, amino acid residue equation 0%) were obtained. The antihypertensive mechanism of papaya leaves could be mediated by β1 adrenergic receptor because the affinity level of its active substances of its active substances to β1 adrenergic receptor greater than phenylalanine hydrolase receptor.