Bamboo has been part of the history and the socio-cultural and economic or livelihood aspects of Indonesia. Bamboo has been recommended as a potential species that could be utilized for community-based development in the rural part of the country as well as for utilization in various products, from traditional to modern and contemporary processes. However, there is a lack of integrated research on the community’s bamboo for industrial-scale products. This study aimed to determine and assess drivers-barriers to enable the formulation of strategic recommendations aimed at promoting the success of community-based supply of the commodity for the modern bamboo industry in Ngada Regency in Indonesia. The methods were applied by collecting quantitative and qualitative data using literature reviews, questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and direct field observations. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and assessing both for internal and external factors of drivers-barriers. Research findings showed that the community proceeds from a traditional mindset with regard bamboo resources and utilization but that the community actually already owned social capital to strengthen and drive modern bamboo utilization. However, there is still a lack of capacity building for bamboo management. This study also provides policymakers with strategic recommendations to develop integrated programs and regulations, support community-based bamboo utilization, improve livelihood, and support rural inclusive economic growth.

Although numerous studies have been published on nitrogen (N) deposition, little is known about its impact on microbial communities in wetland forests. Here, we used simulated nitrogen deposition (SND) to analyze the importance of differences in soil microhabitats in promoting the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi. We compared various levels of SND (control (CK), low N (N30), medium N (N60), and high N (N90)) and found that these were associated with changes in soil microhabitats. Additionally, SND affected soil pH, clay and sand content of the soil, and specific surface area (SSA). Bacteria and fungi responded differently to increased SND levels. The alpha diversity of bacteria decreased with an increased SND level, while fungal abundance, diversity, and community evenness reached their maximum values at the N60 threshold. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), nonparametric multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) coupled with effect size measurements (LefSe) also confirmed that the bacterial composition was different at N90 compared to other levels of SND while that of fungi was different at N60. A higher discriminant level (LDA score ≥4) may be a valuable index of selecting indicator microbial clades sensitive to SND for wetland management. Further, an increased pH was associated with a greater abundance of bacteria and fungi. In addition, the volume contents of clay and SSA were negatively correlated with bacteria but fungi are associated with soil specific gravity (SSG). Overall, in a neutral soil pH environment, pH fluctuation is the main influencing factor in terms of bacterial and fungal abundance and diversity. The diversity of fungi is more dependent on the type and relative content of solid phase components in soil than that of bacteria, implying the presence of species-specific niches for bacteria and fungi. These results demonstrate that changes in SND can induce short-term microbial and microhabitat changes.

The potentials of bamboo resources owned by the community in Ngada Regency has not been managed and appropriately utilized. There were no integrated programs between the on-farm and off-farm sectors and no clear roles and responsibilities among the stakeholders involved. Soft System Methodology (SSM) framework approach was carried out through stakeholder analysis, CATWOE analysis, and gap analysis. The root definition of the current situation was that the model of sustainable community bamboo management and utilization (W) is responsible to the local and central government as well as the bamboo manufacturing industry as off-taker (O) with integrated supporting programs and regulations, ensuring the potential of bamboo resources and the bamboo product market (E) which was carried out together with stakeholders (A) through active participation and synergy programs (T) to improve the welfare of the community of bamboo owners, craftsmen, and bamboo entrepreneurs (C). The study produces a suitable and appropriate strategy based on the corrective actions of existing problems and recommendations formulated from conceptual models and existing actual conditions on integrated sustainable bamboo management.

The effect of nitrogen (N) deposition on N limitation, phosphorus (P) limitation and the related soil and microbial stoichiometries remains unclear. A simulated nitrogen deposition (SND) experiment (control, ambient, medium and high) and molecular techniques (high-throughput sequencing of 16S and ITS) were conducted to examine the variations in abiotic and biotic properties and to describe the responses of microbial (bacteria and fungi) adaptation strategies in a moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis J. Houzeau) forest following SND. Soil water content (SWC) was positively correlated with the microbial community composition. Observed increases in total N and nitrate N contents and decreased ammonia N suggested that SND influenced nitrification. Chao1 and F:B showed that bacteria were more sensitive to SND than fungi. PCoA and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), coupled with effect size measurements (LefSe), confirmed that microbial community composition, including the subgroups (below class level), responded to SND by employing different adaptation strategies. Soil C:N indicated that the soil of the moso bamboo forest was under N limitation prior to SND. The increase in total P (TP), available P (AP) and microbial biomass P (MBP) suggested the acceleration of soil P cycling. Microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN) were not affected by SND, which led to a significant shift in MBC:MBP and MBN:MBP, suggesting that P utilization per unit of C or N was promoted. There was a negative gradient correlation between the fungal community composition and MBC:MBP, while bacteria were positively correlated with MBN:MBP. The results illustrated that the response of fungi to MBC was more sensitive than that of bacteria in the process of accelerated P cycling, while bacteria were sensitive to MBN. Prior to P limitation, SND eliminated the soil N limitation and stimulated soil microorganisms to absorb more P, resulting in an increase in MBP, but did not alter MBC or MBN. This study contributes to our understanding of the adaptation strategies of fungi and bacteria and their responses to soil and microbial stoichiometries.

Corridor area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park was degraded and fragmented by human activities. However, little is known about recovery process in tropical degraded forest under different land use history. To clarifyvegetation structure and forest recovery related to land use history we placed 22 plots (11 of 10 x 10 m² in abandoned plantation and 11 of 20 x 20 m² in secondary forest, respectively). DCA (Detrended correspondence analysis) discriminated the plots into three community groups. Swieteniamacrophylla –Agathisdammaa community in abandoned plantation where had a land use history of clear felling.Maesopsiseminii–Cyathea spp. community had a history of severe human disturbance. Fagaceae-Schimawallichii was in less disturbed forest. Below the plantation canopy, light tolerant species, weeds, grasses, and fern of Dicranopteris linearis were dominant. Some exotic plants spread to the disturbed forest. The less disturbed forest in distant area from village remained in good condition as indicated by dominancy of old forest species. For the forest rehabilitation in severely degraded area, human intervention by planting native species can be suggested to avoid invasive species occupancy as well as accelerate forest recovery.