Electron beam wastewater treatment is a very effective method for the destruction of organic and microbiological pollutants. The technology was implemented for municipal and textile industry wastewater treatment. Availability of electron accelerators characterized with different operation parameters make the technology applicable for different end-users and also for installation in confined spaces. In such a case, the design of wastewater irradiation room has to take into account the limited space available for shielding construction, which must restrict X-ray emission. Considering construction of an irradiation room for water treatment facility, it is important to focus not only on a stream formation for irradiation to achieve the desired electron penetration, but also on the reduction in x-ray generation. In the presented work, the X-ray field was tested, using modelling and experimental methods. The final results gave an advanced solution, which can be used in the installation of wastewater treatment, ballast and other types of origin, providing low cost shield and good radiation protection measures.

Dosimetry serves as the backbone of ionizing radiation treatment in radiation processing, ensuring precision and accuracy in transferring the absorbed dose for medical sterilization and phytosanitary applications. Over the years, methods for calculating and measuring the absorbed dose have significantly advanced. Although experimental dosimetry remains indispensable, simulation techniques – such as Monte Carlo (MC) methods – have gained prominence by providing deeper insights into the physical processes of radiation interactions. Additionally, theoretical methods continue to provide accurate dose calculations, contributing to the field’s progress. This study examines recent advancements in dose calculation techniques for radiation processing, highlighting individual methods – experimental, simulation-based, and theoretical – as well as their combinations to achieve accurate and reproducible dose measurements. It also addresses the challenges associated with each radiation processing method and discusses future prospects for improving the dosimetry of radiation processing techniques.