Lead (Pb) as a pollutant is not biodegradable, tends to accumulate in different organisms, and can affect, for example, the performance of maize crops. However, only a few studies have reported on the effect of lead (Pb) and the relationship with the potential of hydrogen (pH) of water on crop performance. Thus, this study aimed at determining the influence of Pb and its relationship with the pH of water on the growth of Creole maize (Zea mays L.). In order to achieve this, a double bottom vessel system, isolated from the soil, was used to expose the plants to an aqueous Pb solution based on the equivalence of 1.5985 g of lead nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂) per g of Pb. An experimental design of the two-factor response surface methodology (RSM) was applied. The Creole maize plants were exposed to four different concentrations of Pb in water [0 g L⁻¹ (P1: control); 0.33 g L⁻¹ (P2); 0.66 g L⁻¹ (P3); 1 g L⁻¹ (P4)], as well as to three different pH levels (5.5 (pH1); 6.5 (pH2); 7.5 (pH3)) in clay soil typical of the region. Subsequently, the relationship of these variables with maize growth was determined. The results showed a decrease in leaf growth, height, stem circumference, and root. However, it was also determined that these negative effects can be mitigated by controlling the pH of water in 7.5. Failure to control the combination of these two factors in the cultivation process generally results in an impact on the growth of the maize seedling. In addition, leaf discoloration was also observed in the leaves of maize plants from the concentration of 0.33 g L⁻¹ (P2), which suggests a nutritional anomaly that is toxic to the plant.

This study aimed at evaluating the performance of the Municipal Institutional Capacity diagnostic methodologies used in Mexico to determine which has the best theoretical, practical, and technical adjustment in municipalities of the federated state of Veracruz (periods of governance 2018-2021 and 2014-2017). For this research, a mixed, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational research design was employed. The Subnational Analysis method with municipal unit scale was used and content analysis techniques, structured observation, descriptive statistics, and correlation tests were applied. Findings suggest that the Municipal Institutional Development Index showed better overall performance compared to Municipal Functional Capacities Index and Municipal Performance Consultative Guide. The areas of opportunity that were identified in the methodologies include: maximizing the temporal stability and regularity of the measurements (in two cases); the complete contiguity of areas and maximizing the observations (in one case); and, in all three cases, improving the sensitivity of the techniques to the theoretical assumption, as well as strengthening the sustainability approach.

En el presente trabajo se abordan las causas que provocan el infarto agudo al miocardio, así como las técnicas terapéuticas novedosas existentes para disminuir las afectaciones en los pacientes que sufren esta enfermedad. De igual manera, se presenta el diseño de un prototipo, en fase de laboratorio, de un sistema de acondicionamiento isquémico remoto, la integración y las pruebas del sistema de control para el funcionamiento del dispositivo. Al momento se cuenta con un sistema controlado que permite generar tratamientos de isquemia y reperfusión.