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The presented study aims to investigate the relationship between the use of emojis in location-based social media and the location of the corresponding post in terms of perceived objects and conducted activities connected to this place. The basis for this is not a purely frequency-based assessment, but a specifically introduced measure called typicality. To evaluate the typicality measure and examine the assumption that emojis are contextual indicants, a dataset of worldwide geotagged posts from Instagram relating to sunset and sunrise events is used, converted to a privacy-aware version based on a Hyperloglog approach. Results suggest that emojis can often provide more nuanced information about user activities and the surrounding environment than is possible with hashtags. Thus, emojis may be suitable for identifying less obvious characteristics and the sense of a place. Emojis are already explored in research, but mainly for sentiment analysis, for semantic studies or as part of emoji prediction. In contrast, this work provides novel insights into the user’s spatial or activity context by applying the typicality measure and therefore considers emojis contextual indicants.
Eva Hauthal; Alexander Dunkel; Dirk Burghardt. Emojis as Contextual Indicants in Location-Based Social Media Posts. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2021, 10, 407 .
AMA StyleEva Hauthal, Alexander Dunkel, Dirk Burghardt. Emojis as Contextual Indicants in Location-Based Social Media Posts. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10 (6):407.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEva Hauthal; Alexander Dunkel; Dirk Burghardt. 2021. "Emojis as Contextual Indicants in Location-Based Social Media Posts." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 6: 407.
We live in an age in which digital media is omnipresent and augmented reality is beginning to find its way into our everyday lives, GPS allows us to determine our position with meter precision and the sensor capabilities of smartphones are increasing. All these technologies in combination enable us to explore one of the oldest human art forms in a new way: storytelling. The presented work aims at developing approaches that combine different elements of audio media playback, geolocation and other sensor capabilities of smartphones to allow the creation of immersive geolocated narratives within a mobile application. Thus, the narrative can be precisely adjusted to the specific spatial and temporal context of the user. One of the main goals of such a geolocated narrative would be to influence the cognitive processing of the users. As the visual perception of the location stays the same while using the app, it is only the auditory cognition that causes a subtle enhancement and thus alteration of the reality which could result in a very strong sense of immersion. There are many location-based audio applications on the market. Most of them are intended for tourism in the form of an audio tour guide. Some of those applications have been analyzed before developing our own ideas on how to intertwine sound, space and time into an immersive mobile application for storytelling with semi-linear narrative structures including a map. Possible features could be influenceability of the narrative by, e.g., speed or approach direction of the user, sound movement over time on predetermined routes, etc. The first prototype implemented some audiovisual presentations among others. Wir leben in einem Zeitalter, in welchem digitale Medien omnipräsent sind und Augmented Reality Einzug ins tägliche Leben erhält, in dem GPS uns befähigt, unsere Position mit Meter-Genauigkeit zu bestimmen und sich das Sensor-Potential von Smartphones erhöht. Das Zusammenspiel all dieser Technologien erlaubt es, eine der ältesten Kunstformen neu zu entdecken: die Erzählkunst. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat zum Ziel, Ansätze zu entwickeln, welche verschiedene Elemente der Audio-Wiedergabe, Geolokalisierung und andere Sensor-Fähigkeiten kombinieren, um immersive, räumlich verortete Narrative für eine mobile Anwendung zu kreieren. Damit können Geschichten präzise an den spezifischen räumlich-zeitlichen Kontext des Nutzers angepasst werden. Die Hauptabsicht einer solchen ortbezogenen Geschichte ist es, die kognitive Wahrnehmung des Nutzers zu beeinflussen. Da während der App-Nutzung die visuelle Wahrnehmung der Umgebung gleich bleibt, ist es nur die auditive Wahrnehmung, welche eine subtile Anreicherung und damit eine Veränderung der Realität bewirkt, was ein starkes immersives Erleben hervorrufen kann. Es sind zahlreiche ortbasierte Audio-Anwendungen auf dem Markt. Bei den meisten handelt es sich um touristische Audio-Führer. Einige dieser Anwendungen wurden untersucht, bevor eigene Konzepte entwickelt wurden, wie die Verflechtung von Klang, Raum und Zeit zu einer immersiven Audio-Anwendung (inklusive einer Karte) für Storytelling mit semi-linearen narrativen Strukturen umgesetzt werden kann. Mögliche Funktionen hierbei wären beispielsweise die Beeinflussbarkeit der Geschichte durch Geschwindigkeit oder Bewegungsrichtung des Nutzers oder Bewegung von Klängen auf vordefinierten Routen. In einem ersten Prototypen wurden unter anderem einige audio-visuelle Präsentationen implementiert.
Reinis Indans; Eva Hauthal; Dirk Burghardt. Towards an Audio-Locative Mobile Application for Immersive Storytelling. KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 2019, 69, 41 -50.
AMA StyleReinis Indans, Eva Hauthal, Dirk Burghardt. Towards an Audio-Locative Mobile Application for Immersive Storytelling. KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information. 2019; 69 (1):41-50.
Chicago/Turabian StyleReinis Indans; Eva Hauthal; Dirk Burghardt. 2019. "Towards an Audio-Locative Mobile Application for Immersive Storytelling." KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 69, no. 1: 41-50.
Social media platforms such as Twitter are extensively used for expressing and exchanging thoughts, opinions, ideas, and feelings, i.e., reactions concerning a topic or an event. Factual information about an event to which people are reacting can be obtained from different types of (geo-)sensors, official authorities, or the public press. However, these sources hardly reveal the emotional or attitudinal impact of events on people, which is, for example, reflected in their reactions on social media. Two approaches that utilize emojis are proposed to obtain the sentiment and emotions contained in social media reactions. Subsequently, these two approaches, along with visualizations that focus on space, time, and topic, are applied to Twitter reactions in the example case of Brexit.
Eva Hauthal; Dirk Burghardt; Alexander Dunkel. Analyzing and Visualizing Emotional Reactions Expressed by Emojis in Location-Based Social Media. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2019, 8, 113 .
AMA StyleEva Hauthal, Dirk Burghardt, Alexander Dunkel. Analyzing and Visualizing Emotional Reactions Expressed by Emojis in Location-Based Social Media. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2019; 8 (3):113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEva Hauthal; Dirk Burghardt; Alexander Dunkel. 2019. "Analyzing and Visualizing Emotional Reactions Expressed by Emojis in Location-Based Social Media." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 3: 113.
Events are a core concept of spatial information, but location-based social media (LBSM) provide information on reactions to events. Individuals have varied degrees of agency in initiating, reacting to or modifying the course of events, and reactions include observations of occurrence, expressions containing sentiment or emotions, or a call to action. Key characteristics of reactions include referent events and information about who reacted, when, where and how. Collective reactions are composed of multiple individual reactions sharing common referents. They can be characterized according to the following dimensions: spatial, temporal, social, thematic and interlinkage. We present a conceptual framework, which allows characterization and comparison of collective reactions. For a thematically well-defined class of event such as storms, we can explore differences and similarities in collective attribution of meaning across space and time. Other events may have very complex spatio-temporal signatures (e.g. political processes such as Brexit or elections), which can be decomposed into series of individual events (e.g. a temporal window around the result of a vote). The purpose of our framework is to explore ways in which collective reactions to events in LBSM can be described and underpin the development of methods for analysing and understanding collective reactions to events.
Alexander Dunkel; Gennady Andrienko; Natalia Andrienko; Dirk Burghardt; Eva Hauthal; Ross Purves. A conceptual framework for studying collective reactions to events in location-based social media. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 2018, 33, 780 -804.
AMA StyleAlexander Dunkel, Gennady Andrienko, Natalia Andrienko, Dirk Burghardt, Eva Hauthal, Ross Purves. A conceptual framework for studying collective reactions to events in location-based social media. International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 2018; 33 (4):780-804.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexander Dunkel; Gennady Andrienko; Natalia Andrienko; Dirk Burghardt; Eva Hauthal; Ross Purves. 2018. "A conceptual framework for studying collective reactions to events in location-based social media." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 33, no. 4: 780-804.
Eva Hauthal; Dirk Burghardt. Mapping Space-Related Emotions out of User-Generated Photo Metadata Considering Grammatical Issues. The Cartographic Journal 2016, 53, 78 -90.
AMA StyleEva Hauthal, Dirk Burghardt. Mapping Space-Related Emotions out of User-Generated Photo Metadata Considering Grammatical Issues. The Cartographic Journal. 2016; 53 (1):78-90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEva Hauthal; Dirk Burghardt. 2016. "Mapping Space-Related Emotions out of User-Generated Photo Metadata Considering Grammatical Issues." The Cartographic Journal 53, no. 1: 78-90.
Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert die wesentlichen Forschungsergebnisse aus der Dissertation der Erstautorin (Hauthal, 2015). Diese befasst sich mit der Extraktion von georeferenzierten Emotionen aus Textdaten in den Metadaten verorteter Flickr- und Panoramio-Fotos, d.h. aus nutzergenerierten Inhalten, sowie deren Modellierung und Visualisierung. Die extrahierten Emotionen bilden zusammen mit der geographischen Koordinate des jeweiligen Fotos eine georeferenzierte Emotion. Die Ergebnisse stellen eine emotionale Raumcharakterisierung dar und ermöglichen es, spezifische Eigenschaften verorteter Emotionen festzustellen und zu untersuchen. Bei diesen Eigenschaften handelt es sich sowohl urn die zeitliche Abhängigkeit und den zeitlichen Bezug von Emotionen als auch darum, dass zwischen kollektiv und individuell wahrgenommenen Emotionen unterschieden werden kann. Das bedeutet, dass ein Ort nicht nur mit einer Emotion verbunden sein muss, sondern möglicherweise auch mit mehreren. Die Auswertung erfolgte mithilfe verschiedener kartographischer Visualisierungen. Eingehender wurde das zeitliche Auftreten der ortsbezogenen Emotionen untersucht.
Eva Hauthal; Dirk Burghardt. Erfassung, Analyse und Visualisierung emotionsbezogener, räumlicher Informationen aus nutzergenerierten Daten. KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 2015, 65, 216 -229.
AMA StyleEva Hauthal, Dirk Burghardt. Erfassung, Analyse und Visualisierung emotionsbezogener, räumlicher Informationen aus nutzergenerierten Daten. KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information. 2015; 65 (4):216-229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEva Hauthal; Dirk Burghardt. 2015. "Erfassung, Analyse und Visualisierung emotionsbezogener, räumlicher Informationen aus nutzergenerierten Daten." KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 65, no. 4: 216-229.
The adaptation of location-based services considers mainly objective information and collections of facts. Subjective components such as emotions and opinions can provide alternative views, e.g. for supporting decision making. Therefore, research on affect analysis is carried out by capturing and analyzing location-based emotions from user generated content. The chapter presents the approach of extracting emotions from photo titles, descriptions and tags of Flickr and Panoramio pictures. The obtained emotions are documented in the valence-arousal-space as well as in emotional maps of geospace. The distribution of emotions within the valence-arousal-space represents the kinds of emotions occurring in the study area of Dresden whereas the emotional map shows the geospatial distribution. The investigation results offer further potential for an analysis regarding influencing demographic factors and their effect on spatial applications in the field of tourism.
Eva Hauthal; Dirk Burghardt. Extraction of Location-Based Emotions from Photo Platforms. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography 2013, 3 -28.
AMA StyleEva Hauthal, Dirk Burghardt. Extraction of Location-Based Emotions from Photo Platforms. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. 2013; ():3-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEva Hauthal; Dirk Burghardt. 2013. "Extraction of Location-Based Emotions from Photo Platforms." Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography , no. : 3-28.
With mobile devices a challenging media for cartographic information presentation became available. On the example of transferring static hiking maps into a mobile framework, research questions are identified on cartographic communication in general and cartographic design in particular. A high level communication model is proposed to identify and illustrate tasks and roles of cartographer and (prod-)user around the creation and usage of location based applications. The conception of a mobile application for hiking in Saxon Switzerland is based on an analysis of touristic mobile apps. The comparison presented within this paper provides an overview of existing functional requirements and interaction possibilities. The mobile hiking application is implemented prototypically containing user generated spatial content from Hike & Bike Map. The developed app serves as a platform for integrating further user generated content, such as specific thematic and regional contents (e.g. climbing paths). Future research and development will investigate possibilities on the adaptive personalized information presentation enhancing the current adaptable version.
Eva Hauthal; Dirk Burghardt. Investigation and Development of Mobile Touristic Applications. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography 2012, 267 -282.
AMA StyleEva Hauthal, Dirk Burghardt. Investigation and Development of Mobile Touristic Applications. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. 2012; ():267-282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEva Hauthal; Dirk Burghardt. 2012. "Investigation and Development of Mobile Touristic Applications." Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography , no. : 267-282.