In order to improve the anti-collision capacity of existing reinforced concrete (RC) columns under vehicle impact load, an experimental study on the anti-collision performance of RC columns strengthened with micro-expansive concrete filled steel tube was carried out. By combining an experiment and finite element calculation, the influence of steel tube strength, micro-expansive concrete strength and steel tube wall thickness on the anti-collision performance of strengthened RC columns were studied. The results showed that the peak displacement of an SM-RC column is 25.9% lower than that of an RC column, due to the increased stiffness, the peak impact force increased by 138.2%. The micro-expansive concrete filled steel tube reinforcement method can significantly improve the anti-collision performance of RC columns and reduce the lateral deformation. Increasing the strength grade of steel tube and thickness of steel tube can greatly improve the impact resistance of strengthened RC columns and reduce the lateral deflection deformation of short columns, compared with steel tube strength Q235, the displacement of Q690 is reduced 47.4%. the displacement of the 8-mm thick steel tube is reduced by 48.1% compared with the 4-mm one. while the strength grade of micro-expansive concrete has little effect on the impact resistance and lateral deflection deformation of strengthened RC columns.