Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology has emerged as the bottom-line technology for achieving carbon neutrality goals in China. The development of Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery (CO₂-EOR) not only increases revenue for high-investment CCUS projects but also enables permanent CO₂storage in the oil reservoir. However, the basin is used as the research object to evaluate the CO₂storage potential of the oil reservoir. The evaluation results are inaccurate and unable to support the implementation of later CCUS projects. Here, more accurate oil reservoir data is employed as the evaluation object. It is the first time at the national level to screen oil reservoirs to distinguish between CO₂miscible and immiscible, and evaluate the potential of CO₂-EOR and CO₂storage in the reservoir. The research results show a total of 2570 suitable oil reservoirs in 4386 candidate oil reservoirs nationwide. About 1.26 billion tons of additional crude oil can be produced by CO₂-EOR technology. This includes approximately 580 million tons of additional oil from CO₂miscible flooding and 680 million tons from CO₂immiscible flooding. The study further refines the CO₂geological utilization data and provides a theoretical basis for CCUS project site selection in China.

The iron and steel industry (ISI) plays a significant role in carbon emissions, contributing approximately 15% of the nation’s total emissions in China. Transitioning to low-carbon practices is crucial for achieving the country’s carbon neutrality goals. This paper reviews the current state of China’s ISI and assesses the feasibility of various decarbonization technologies, including hydrogen utilization, biomass substitution, zero-carbon electricity, Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS), as well as their combinations. The blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) process currently dominates the industry with an overwhelming share of around 90%, presenting significant challenges for decarbonization. In contrast, the Direct Reduced Iron–Electric Arc Furnace (DRI-EAF) process is still at the demonstration project stage, but it is rapidly growing and shows great potential for achieving net-zero emissions. Electric arc furnaces (EAFs) that use scrap steel account for about 9% of production and have the lowest energy consumption. However, their production capacity is limited by the availability of scrap steel. Among numerous options, blue hydrogen, carbon-neutral biomass, and CCUS technologies have relatively low costs and high technological maturity. Nevertheless, no single technology can currently achieve deep decarbonization while significantly reducing costs. The nation needs to select the most suitable decarbonization strategies based on geographical location, infrastructure, and economic conditions. The government should enact corresponding policies, provide economic incentives, and ensure mitigation of the environmental and social impacts during the decarbonization transition.

The shortage of urban water caused by CCS retrofitting over coal-fired power plants has become an emerging issue, especially in China where water resources are scarce. In this study, we quantified the impact of CCS retrofitting on water resources and analyzed the increased water pressures due to CCS retrofits in 234 cities of China. We identified 54 cities with 165 power plants that would face water pressure due to CCS retrofitting for achieving 2 °C targets. The results show that the average water withdrawal and water consumption of power plants in 234 cities would increase by 1.63 times and 1.49 times, respectively, involving 480 million people in China. The ratio of freshwater withdrawal to available water (WTA) and the ratio of freshwater consumption to available water (CTA) at the city-level increased by 0.2 and 0.06 under 2 °C constraints respectively, involving a population of 84 million people. Moreover, CO₂-EWR technology does not provide relief from urban water stress. This paper assesses the water demand for carbon capture technologies and provides a basis for siting future large-scale deployment of carbon capture technologies in China.

The Quick Access Recorder (QAR), as an onboard device used for monitoring and recording flight parameters, has been extensively installed on various types of aircraft. Recently, there has been a significant focus on studying the typical flight safety event of runway excursions based on QAR data. However, there is limited research that combines the analysis of runway excursion risks with flight operations, and there is also a scarcity of studies that divide the investigation of the landing phase into multiple key stages. In this paper, we propose a comparative analysis of operational characteristics and risks associated with runway excursions from the perspective of operational styles. A total of 2087 flights were classified on the basis of touchdown distance, taxiing distance, and magnetic heading changes and were divided into three styles based on these indicators. Subsequently, we analyze flight operations and attitudes at five key stages: runway threshold, flare, speed brake deployment, touchdown, and reverse thrust activation. Furthermore, we employ the selection criteria of pilot proficiency levels to filter out standard operational curves. The curve similarity is used to compare the difference between the actual operating curves and the standard curves. Finally, we employ typical correlation analysis to explore the relationship between touchdown distance and operational variances. The findings indicate that Style 1 pilots exhibit the lowest probability of runway excursions, yet their maneuvers potentially elevate the risk of hard landing events.

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology plays a crucial role in China’s journey toward achieving “carbon neutrality”. To ensure the optimal efficiency and risk mitigation of CO₂-EOR projects, it is imperative to enhance the safety system. This study develops a comprehensive safety evaluation system for the CO₂-EOR project at Dagang Oilfield, employing a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and expert scoring. The AHP method is used to analyze the relative importance of various safety factors, while expert scoring is employed to determine the weight of each factor. The system establishes four primary evaluation indexes and 17 secondary evaluation indexes. This score indicates the relative safety of the blocks, with a lower score reflecting higher safety. A safety assessment is conducted on the Ye 21 and Ye 22 blocks using this system, which results in an assessment score of 1.2721 (less risky), indicating a relatively low overall risk. The study aims to provide a practical framework for the safety evaluation of CO₂-EOR projects, and the proposed method can be applied to other CCUS projects globally to enhance safety and risk management.