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Günter Langergraber
Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria

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Journal article
Published: 27 August 2021 in Water
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A novel framework is presented that aims to guide practitioners and decision makers toward a better understanding of the role of nature-based solutions (NBS) in the enhancement of resources management in cities, and the mainstreaming of NBS in the urban fabric. Existing frameworks describing the use of NBS to address urban challenges do not specifically consider circularity challenges. Thus, the new framework provides the following: (1) a comprehensive set of Urban Circularity Challenges (UCCs); (2) a set of more than fifty NBS units and NBS interventions thoroughly assessed in terms of their potential to address UCCs; and (3) an analysis of input and output resource streams, which are both required for and produced during operation of NBS. The new framework aims to facilitate the coupling of individual NBS units and NBS interventions with NBS that enable circular economy solutions.

ACS Style

Guenter Langergraber; Joana A. C. Castellar; Bernhard Pucher; Gösta F. M. Baganz; Dragan Milosevic; Maria-Beatrice Andreucci; Katharina Kearney; Rocío Pineda-Martos; Nataša Atanasova. A Framework for Addressing Circularity Challenges in Cities with Nature-Based Solutions. Water 2021, 13, 2355 .

AMA Style

Guenter Langergraber, Joana A. C. Castellar, Bernhard Pucher, Gösta F. M. Baganz, Dragan Milosevic, Maria-Beatrice Andreucci, Katharina Kearney, Rocío Pineda-Martos, Nataša Atanasova. A Framework for Addressing Circularity Challenges in Cities with Nature-Based Solutions. Water. 2021; 13 (17):2355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guenter Langergraber; Joana A. C. Castellar; Bernhard Pucher; Gösta F. M. Baganz; Dragan Milosevic; Maria-Beatrice Andreucci; Katharina Kearney; Rocío Pineda-Martos; Nataša Atanasova. 2021. "A Framework for Addressing Circularity Challenges in Cities with Nature-Based Solutions." Water 13, no. 17: 2355.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2021 in Water
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A framework developed by the COST Action Circular City (an EU-funded network of 500+ scientists from 40+ countries; COST = Cooperation in Science and Technology) for addressing Urban Circularity Challenges (UCCs) with nature-based solutions (NBSs) was analyzed by various urban sectors which refer to different fields of activities for circular management of resources in cities (i.e., reducing use of resources and production of waste). The urban sectors comprise the built environment, urban water management, resource recovery, and urban farming. We present main findings from sector analyses, discuss different sector perspectives, and show ways to overcome these differences. The results reveal the potential of NBSs to address multiple sectors, as well as multiple UCCs. While water has been identified as a key element when using NBSs in the urban environment, most NBSs are interconnected and also present secondary benefits for other resources. Using representative examples, we discuss how a holistic and systemic approach could facilitate the circular use of resources in cities. Currently, there is often a disciplinary focus on one resource when applying NBSs. The full potential of NBSs to address multifunctionality is, thus, usually not fully accounted for. On the basis of our results, we conclude that experts from various disciplines can engage in a cross-sectoral exchange and identify the full potential of NBSs to recover resources in circular cities and provide secondary benefits to improve the livelihood for locals. This is an important first step toward the full multifunctionality potential enabling of NBSs.

ACS Style

Guenter Langergraber; Joana A. C. Castellar; Theis Raaschou Andersen; Maria-Beatrice Andreucci; Gösta F. M. Baganz; Gianluigi Buttiglieri; Alba Canet-Martí; Pedro N. Carvalho; David C. Finger; Tjaša Griessler Bulc; Ranka Junge; Boldizsár Megyesi; Dragan Milošević; Hasan Volkan Oral; David Pearlmutter; Rocío Pineda-Martos; Bernhard Pucher; Eric D. van Hullebusch; Nataša Atanasova. Towards a Cross-Sectoral View of Nature-Based Solutions for Enabling Circular Cities. Water 2021, 13, 2352 .

AMA Style

Guenter Langergraber, Joana A. C. Castellar, Theis Raaschou Andersen, Maria-Beatrice Andreucci, Gösta F. M. Baganz, Gianluigi Buttiglieri, Alba Canet-Martí, Pedro N. Carvalho, David C. Finger, Tjaša Griessler Bulc, Ranka Junge, Boldizsár Megyesi, Dragan Milošević, Hasan Volkan Oral, David Pearlmutter, Rocío Pineda-Martos, Bernhard Pucher, Eric D. van Hullebusch, Nataša Atanasova. Towards a Cross-Sectoral View of Nature-Based Solutions for Enabling Circular Cities. Water. 2021; 13 (17):2352.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guenter Langergraber; Joana A. C. Castellar; Theis Raaschou Andersen; Maria-Beatrice Andreucci; Gösta F. M. Baganz; Gianluigi Buttiglieri; Alba Canet-Martí; Pedro N. Carvalho; David C. Finger; Tjaša Griessler Bulc; Ranka Junge; Boldizsár Megyesi; Dragan Milošević; Hasan Volkan Oral; David Pearlmutter; Rocío Pineda-Martos; Bernhard Pucher; Eric D. van Hullebusch; Nataša Atanasova. 2021. "Towards a Cross-Sectoral View of Nature-Based Solutions for Enabling Circular Cities." Water 13, no. 17: 2352.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2021 in Water
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Vertical greenery systems (VGS) are promoted as a nature-based solution to mitigate the urban heat island effect. In order to ensure the long-term provision of this function, sufficiently available irrigation water is the key element. Currently, potable water is one of the main resources for irrigation of VGS. While rainwater is often mentioned as an alternative, only a few studies investigate the actual application of rainwater for irrigation. In this study a conceptual model is developed to present the processes and influencing factors for a holistic investigation of rainwater use for irrigation. In this model, five sub-modules are identified: the atmospheric, hydraulic, quality, rainwater harvesting and VGS sub-module. The conceptual model depicts which processes and influencing factors are involved in the water demand of VGS. Thus, the conceptual model supports a holistic understanding of the interrelations between the identified sub-modules and their relevance for VGS irrigation with harvested rainwater. The results of this study support the implementation of rainwater harvesting as a sustainable resource for VGS irrigation.

ACS Style

Flora Prenner; Bernhard Pucher; Irene Zluwa; Ulrike Pitha; Guenter Langergraber. Rainwater Use for Vertical Greenery Systems: Development of a Conceptual Model for a Better Understanding of Processes and Influencing Factors. Water 2021, 13, 1860 .

AMA Style

Flora Prenner, Bernhard Pucher, Irene Zluwa, Ulrike Pitha, Guenter Langergraber. Rainwater Use for Vertical Greenery Systems: Development of a Conceptual Model for a Better Understanding of Processes and Influencing Factors. Water. 2021; 13 (13):1860.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Flora Prenner; Bernhard Pucher; Irene Zluwa; Ulrike Pitha; Guenter Langergraber. 2021. "Rainwater Use for Vertical Greenery Systems: Development of a Conceptual Model for a Better Understanding of Processes and Influencing Factors." Water 13, no. 13: 1860.

Book
Published: 15 June 2021 in उपचार आर्द्रभूमियााँ
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उपचार आर्द्रभूमियााँ ‘जैविक अपमिष्ट जल’ िें सातिाृं खृंड है उपचार श्ृंखर ला, जो सीिेज उपचार के विज्ञान और तकनीक की अत्याधुननक प्रस्तुनत देती है। आर्द्रभूमि प्रणामलयों के प्रिुख प्रकार इस खृंड िें िामिल हैं, नाितः: (i) क्षैनतज प्रिाह आर्द्रभूमि; (ii) ऊध्िारधर प्रिाह आर्द्रभूमि; (iii) फ्रें च ऊध्िारधर प्रिाह आर्द्रभूमि; (iv) सघन आर्द्रभूमि; (v) िुक्त जल सतह आर्द्रभूमि; (vi) उपचार आर्द्रभूमि के अन्य अनुप्रयोि। पुस्तक िुख्य अिधारणाओृं, कािकाजी मसद्धाृंतों, अपेक्षक्षत प्रदिरन, डडजाइन िानदृंड, डडजाइन उदाहरण, ननिारण पहलुओृं और पररचालन द्रदिाननदेिों को स्पष्ट और उपचारात्िक तरीके से प्रस्तुत करती है। पुस्तक को उपचार के क्षेत्र के िीर्र वििेर्ज्ञों की एक अृंतरराष्रीय टीि ने मलखा है। श्ृंखर ला के बारे िें: इस बहुप्रिृंमसत श्ृंखर ला िें सात पाठ्यपुस्तकें िामिल हैं - वप्रटृं िें या िुक्त-अमभिि ई-पुस्तकों के रूप िें उपलब्लध - जो जैविक अपमिष्ट जल उपचार के विज्ञान और तकनीक की एक अत्याधुननक प्रस्तुनत प्रदान करती हैं। विकमसत और विकासिील देिों िें छात्रों, िोधकतारओृं और अभ्यासकों द्िारा श्ृंखर ला के सभी खण्डों का व्यापक रूप से उपयोि...

ACS Style

Gabriela Dotro; Günter Langergraber; Pascal Molle; Jaime Nivala; Jaume Puigagut; Otto Stein; Marcos von Sperling. उपचार आर्द्रभूमियााँ. उपचार आर्द्रभूमियााँ 2021, 16, 1 .

AMA Style

Gabriela Dotro, Günter Langergraber, Pascal Molle, Jaime Nivala, Jaume Puigagut, Otto Stein, Marcos von Sperling. उपचार आर्द्रभूमियााँ. उपचार आर्द्रभूमियााँ. 2021; 16 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gabriela Dotro; Günter Langergraber; Pascal Molle; Jaime Nivala; Jaume Puigagut; Otto Stein; Marcos von Sperling. 2021. "उपचार आर्द्रभूमियााँ." उपचार आर्द्रभूमियााँ 16, no. : 1.

Communications
Published: 17 March 2021 in Circular Economy and Sustainability
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Cities worldwide are facing a number of serious challenges including population growth, resource depletion, climate change, and degradation of ecosystems. To cope with these challenges, the transformation of our cities into sustainable systems using a holistic approach is required. The pathway to this urban transition is adopting the concept of circular economy for resource management. In this way, resources are kept and reused within the city. Nature-based solutions can be implemented for these tasks, and besides the circularity, they can provide additional benefits for the urbanites and the urban environment in general. This paper describes which urban challenges related to circularity can be addressed through nature-based solutions. This systematic review was developed within the COST Action CA17133 Circular City that investigates how nature-based solutions can be used to progress the circular economy in the urban built environment.

ACS Style

Nataša Atanasova; Joana A.C. Castellar; Rocío Pineda-Martos; Chrysanthy Elisabeth Nika; Evina Katsou; Darja Istenič; Bernhard Pucher; Maria Beatrice Andreucci; Guenter Langergraber. Nature-Based Solutions and Circularity in Cities. Circular Economy and Sustainability 2021, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Nataša Atanasova, Joana A.C. Castellar, Rocío Pineda-Martos, Chrysanthy Elisabeth Nika, Evina Katsou, Darja Istenič, Bernhard Pucher, Maria Beatrice Andreucci, Guenter Langergraber. Nature-Based Solutions and Circularity in Cities. Circular Economy and Sustainability. 2021; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nataša Atanasova; Joana A.C. Castellar; Rocío Pineda-Martos; Chrysanthy Elisabeth Nika; Evina Katsou; Darja Istenič; Bernhard Pucher; Maria Beatrice Andreucci; Guenter Langergraber. 2021. "Nature-Based Solutions and Circularity in Cities." Circular Economy and Sustainability , no. : 1-14.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Sustainable agriculture should be based on management practices that improve resource usage efficiency and minimize harmful impacts on the environment while maintaining and stabilizing crop production. Both tillage and irrigation can have a great influence on hydrological processes within agroecosystems. However, it remains difficult to directly assess the effect of practices on water fluxes which has been mainly indirectly quantified by complex numerical modelling methods in the past. Therefore, the objective of the study was to use a space for time concept and measure oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (δ18O, δ2H) in the pore water of soil profiles as well as moisture contents for quantifying the soil water balance and fluxes. Covering all combinations, soil profiles and isotope analysis was performed for 16 sites planted with winter wheat and managed with different tillage (conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), minimal tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)) and irrigation systems (hose reel boom irrigation with nozzles (BI), sprinkler irrigation (SI), drip irrigation (DI) and no irrigation (NI)). The results indicated that the more intense the tillage, the lower the water content. Among the irrigation systems, DI had the highest average water content. Tracing the minimum in the isotopic composition of the pores water within the depth profiles showed a deeper percolation of water in the CT fields, which indicates higher water flow velocity. Considering both water content and differences in water flow velocities resulted in water fluxes ranging from 90 to 151 mm yr-1. The losses due to evapotranspiration varied between 57 and 80%. The resulting evapotranspiration within tillage and irrigation variants decreased in the order RT>CT≈MT>NT, and SI>BI>DI>NI. Thus, the method revealed that the lower water content in CT fields is a consequence of deeper water infiltration. Moreover, irrigation water contributed mostly to evapotranspiration, and drip irrigation showed the lowest evapotranspiration losses among irrigation systems. This study demonstrated that water stable isotopes can be used as indicators and are a promising method to quantify water fluxes in agricultural fields with great potential for evaluating management practices.

ACS Style

Alba Canet-Marti; Angela Morales-Santos; Reinhard Nolz; Günter Langergraber; Christine Stumpp. Hydrological processes and water flux quantification in agricultural fields under different tillage and irrigation systems using water stable isotopes. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Alba Canet-Marti, Angela Morales-Santos, Reinhard Nolz, Günter Langergraber, Christine Stumpp. Hydrological processes and water flux quantification in agricultural fields under different tillage and irrigation systems using water stable isotopes. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alba Canet-Marti; Angela Morales-Santos; Reinhard Nolz; Günter Langergraber; Christine Stumpp. 2021. "Hydrological processes and water flux quantification in agricultural fields under different tillage and irrigation systems using water stable isotopes." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2021 in Applied Sciences
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The construction industry is one of the most environmentally detrimental industries in the world, impacting directly the use of raw materials, their determination of use involving the whole lifecycle, as well as all their surrounding environment. However, within the building sector, the transition from a linear to a circular economy is still at an early stage. Business models need to be reconsidered to include new and improved methods and innovative services that could lead to a net reduction in the use of resources and minimizing the waste disposed on landfills. In this context, an important role in buildings’ circularity is “deconstruction”, which is understood as a well-considered selective dismantlement of building components, in prevision of a future reuse, repurposing, or recycling. It represents a sustainable alternative to common demolition, which tends to be an arbitrary and destructive process, and although faster and cheaper, it typically creates a substantial amount of waste. The purpose of this article is to analyze the deconstruction potential of buildings and the strategies to apply in order to keep the impacts on the urban environment low. The article aims to facilitate the implementation of circular economy strategies for buildings by proposing common principles for deconstruction as a sustainable alternative to demolition and defining the key points to be applied during the design and planning process regardless of the type of construction system or material used.

ACS Style

Gaetano Bertino; Johannes Kisser; Julia Zeilinger; Guenter Langergraber; Tatjana Fischer; Doris Österreicher. Fundamentals of Building Deconstruction as a Circular Economy Strategy for the Reuse of Construction Materials. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 939 .

AMA Style

Gaetano Bertino, Johannes Kisser, Julia Zeilinger, Guenter Langergraber, Tatjana Fischer, Doris Österreicher. Fundamentals of Building Deconstruction as a Circular Economy Strategy for the Reuse of Construction Materials. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):939.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaetano Bertino; Johannes Kisser; Julia Zeilinger; Guenter Langergraber; Tatjana Fischer; Doris Österreicher. 2021. "Fundamentals of Building Deconstruction as a Circular Economy Strategy for the Reuse of Construction Materials." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 939.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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The COST Action Circular City (CA17133; "Implementing nature-based solutions for creating a resourceful circular city") aims to establish a network testing the hypothesis that a circular flow system that implements nature-based solutions (NBS) for managing nutrients and resources within the urban biosphere will lead to a resilient, sustainable and healthy urban environment. To date, most NBS are implemented serving only one single purpose. Adopting the concept of circular economy by combining different types of services and returning resources to the city, would increase the benefits gained for urban areas.

The Action's main output will be a guideline on combined NBS and circular economy possibilities within the urban environment. The work to achieve this will be carried out in five working groups (WGs):

  • WG1 "Built environment" investigates the NBS - circular economy aspect on building and settlement level with the main focus on vegetated building materials and resources to be obtained from the corresponding NBS.
  • WG2 "Sustainable urban water utilization" considers the implementation of a save and functional water cycle within the urban biosphere, defines available resources within the water flow, performs risk assessment on urban water and evaluates NBS for storm water management and waste water treatment.
  • WG3 "Resource recovery" aims to transform implemented NBS for mitigation or treatment purposes to sources for a variety of resources to be harvested, used, reused and recycled.
  • WG4 "Urban Farming" facilitates the implementation of urban farming with main purpose of food production within a city, but additionally paying close attention to other resources available from urban farming, usually considered waste.
  • Last but not least, WG5 "Transformation tools" coordinates and leads the interdisciplinary activities between the WGs with the main aim to facilitate implementation of NBS in circular cities by 1) investigate performance-based assessment tools, 2) developing simplified tools and information for stakeholders, and 3) establish public relations strategies and approaches.

The contribution will present the results already achieved by the WGs by summarizing main results from the review papers each WG has produced.

ACS Style

Günter Langergraber; Natasa Atanasova. Potential of nature-based solutions for creating resourceful circular cities. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Günter Langergraber, Natasa Atanasova. Potential of nature-based solutions for creating resourceful circular cities. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Günter Langergraber; Natasa Atanasova. 2020. "Potential of nature-based solutions for creating resourceful circular cities." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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The recognition of the Human Right to Water and Sanitation by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010 marks a major symbolic and legal milestone. The United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) incorporate the different interests of society. In combination with limited resources conflicts of interests are inevitable. Competing interests of different stakeholders concerning water and land-use management are particularly big drivers of conflicts in this field. Also the personal daily behaviours of its individuals influences the water and energy consumption of whole society.

An essential baseline to achieve societal goals related with water might be the implementation of coherent environmental policies. Transnational implications of e.g. large water-infrastructure projects bring additional complexity to decision making processes. The Implications of climate change on water management add another layer of uncertainty.

Professionals with a higher education in geosciences are at the heart of humankind’s attempts to deal with all of this issues. They are not only supposed to hold technical expertise, but also understand their responsibilities. A modern education of the students in geosciences therefor has to account for this challenges. Geoethics is capable of providing the theoretical background on this challenges.

The GOAL project (Geoethics Outcomes and Awareness Learning) aims in general at improving the concepts and practices of Geoethics and specifically to provide educational material (a syllabus and complementary educational resources) to be used in higher education. From the wide range of geoethical issues related to water management, two cases were chosen to introduce students to the concepts of Geoethics. The water supply system of Austria´s capital Vienna serves as a starting point to deal with questions like utilization pressure on water and land. An historic dam that is now used for production of "green" electric energy via hydropower, sets the frame for the discussion about the impacts of hydropower on the riverine ecosystem.

Acknowledgment

This study has been elaborated in the scope of Erasmus Plus GOAL Project with the reference: 2017-1-PTO1-KA203-035790.

ACS Style

Sebastian Handl; Susanne Schneider-Voß; Markus Fiebig; Guenter Langergraber. Geoethics in water management – Resources for higher education (GOAL Project framework). 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Sebastian Handl, Susanne Schneider-Voß, Markus Fiebig, Guenter Langergraber. Geoethics in water management – Resources for higher education (GOAL Project framework). . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sebastian Handl; Susanne Schneider-Voß; Markus Fiebig; Guenter Langergraber. 2020. "Geoethics in water management – Resources for higher education (GOAL Project framework)." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 10 March 2020
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Resource depletion, climate change and degradation of ecosystems are challenges faced by cities worldwide and will increase if cities do not adapt. In order to tackle those challenges, it is necessary to transform our cities into sustainable systems using a holistic approach. One element in achieving this transition is the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS). They can provide a range of ecosystem services beneficial for the urban biosphere such as regulation of micro-climates, flood prevention, water treatment, food provision and more. However, most NBS are implemented serving only one single purpose. Adopting the concept of circular economy by combining different types of services and returning resources to the city, would increase the benefits gained for urban areas.

The COST Action CA17133 "Implementing nature-based solutions for creating a resourceful circular city" aims to establish a network testing the hypothesis that a circular flow system that implements NBS for managing nutrients and resources within the urban biosphere will lead to a resilient, sustainable and healthy urban environment.

To tackle this challenge the Action comprises five working groups (WGs):

  • WG1: Built environment
  • WG2: Sustainable urban water utilisation
  • WG3: Resource recovery
  • WG4: Urban Farming
  • WG5: Transformation tools

The network of researches, companies and stakeholders from more than 40 countries spread over whole Europe brings together a large diversity of disciplines and is therefore well equipped taking holistic approach on embedding NBS within circular economy. In the presentation we will present the first results already achieved and the future plans of the Action.

ACS Style

Natasa Atanasova; Guenter Langergraber. The COST action CA17133 "Circular city". 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Natasa Atanasova, Guenter Langergraber. The COST action CA17133 "Circular city". . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natasa Atanasova; Guenter Langergraber. 2020. "The COST action CA17133 "Circular city"." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Blue-Green Systems
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Resource depletion, climate change and degradation of ecosystems are challenges faced by cities worldwide and will increase if cities do not adapt. In order to tackle those challenges, it is necessary to transform our cities into sustainable systems using a holistic approach. One element in achieving this transition is the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS). NBS can provide a range of ecosystem services beneficial for the urban biosphere such as regulation of micro-climates, flood prevention, water treatment, food provision and more. However, most NBS are implemented serving only one single purpose. Adopting the concept of circular economy by combining different types of services and returning resources to the city, would increase the benefits gained for urban areas. The COST Action Circular City aims to establish a network testing the hypothesis that: ‘A circular flow system that implements NBS for managing nutrients and resources within the urban biosphere will lead to a resilient, sustainable and healthy urban environment’. In this paper we introduce the COST Action Circular City by describing its main objectives and aims. The paper also serves as introduction to the review papers of the Action's five Working Groups in this Special Issue.

ACS Style

Guenter Langergraber; Bernhard Pucher; Lena Simperler; Johannes Kisser; Evina Katsou; Devi Buehler; Maria Carmen Garcia Mateo; Nataša Atanasova. Implementing nature-based solutions for creating a resourceful circular city. Blue-Green Systems 2020, 2, 173 -185.

AMA Style

Guenter Langergraber, Bernhard Pucher, Lena Simperler, Johannes Kisser, Evina Katsou, Devi Buehler, Maria Carmen Garcia Mateo, Nataša Atanasova. Implementing nature-based solutions for creating a resourceful circular city. Blue-Green Systems. 2020; 2 (1):173-185.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guenter Langergraber; Bernhard Pucher; Lena Simperler; Johannes Kisser; Evina Katsou; Devi Buehler; Maria Carmen Garcia Mateo; Nataša Atanasova. 2020. "Implementing nature-based solutions for creating a resourceful circular city." Blue-Green Systems 2, no. 1: 173-185.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2019 in Sustainability
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Urban strategies and the way cities are planned have changed throughout history, adapting to the needs of the inhabitants, infrastructure requirements, and advances in technology. Uses and customs of people and cities are changing and can evolve much faster than in the past, with the result that urban planning is often too slow to adequately meet the current needs of society. In this context, the development of pop-up environments for temporary developments could be a solution to meet the needs of flexibility, adaptation, and resilience of a city. This allows the urban planner to consider systems from a short-term perspective, fulfilling current needs without compromising the development of potentially different activities in the future. The purpose of this research work is to outline the general requirements of pop-up environments in urban developments that allow for adequate integration into urban planning strategies. Based on an extensive evaluation of the existing literature and a series of case studies, the paper analyzes the key elements that define the framework conditions of urban planning strategies for temporary developments that generate a positive impact on the overall urban system.

ACS Style

Gaetano Bertino; Tatjana Fischer; Gustav Puhr; Guenter Langergraber; Doris Österreicher. Framework Conditions and Strategies for Pop-Up Environments in Urban Planning. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7204 .

AMA Style

Gaetano Bertino, Tatjana Fischer, Gustav Puhr, Guenter Langergraber, Doris Österreicher. Framework Conditions and Strategies for Pop-Up Environments in Urban Planning. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7204.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaetano Bertino; Tatjana Fischer; Gustav Puhr; Guenter Langergraber; Doris Österreicher. 2019. "Framework Conditions and Strategies for Pop-Up Environments in Urban Planning." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7204.

Review
Published: 15 November 2019 in Water
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Clogging in vertical flow (VF) wetlands is an important process influencing water purification processes. The main contributing factors are the growth of microorganisms within the filter media, the accumulation of suspended solids on top of the wetland, as well as within the filter media. Both processes lead to a decrease of the available pore space, hence changing the soil’s hydraulic properties. This will alter the water flow and cause malfunctioning of the system. This paper summarizes the state of the art of the prevailing physical, biological and chemical processes influencing clogging in VF wetlands. Different design and operational parameters are discussed to give a better understanding on their influence to prevent malfunctioning. Based on a literature review, a detailed overview on experimental as well as modelling studies carried out is presented. The main conclusions are that on the one hand, important insights on clogging processes in VF wetlands have been gained but, on the other hand, design parameters such as intermittent loading operation and the grain size of the filter media are not well represented in those studies. Clogging models use different conceptual approaches ranging from black box models to process based models.

ACS Style

Bernhard Pucher; Guenter Langergraber. The State of the Art of Clogging in Vertical Flow Wetlands. Water 2019, 11, 2400 .

AMA Style

Bernhard Pucher, Guenter Langergraber. The State of the Art of Clogging in Vertical Flow Wetlands. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2400.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bernhard Pucher; Guenter Langergraber. 2019. "The State of the Art of Clogging in Vertical Flow Wetlands." Water 11, no. 11: 2400.

Journal article
Published: 02 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Simulation and performance results of a saturated vertical up-flow constructed wetland (SVU CW) operated under different operational conditions are presented. The SVU CW consists of two different systems planted with Cyperus alternifolius and Iris pseudacorus, and each system consists of three SVU beds operated in series. The SVU CW operates in continuous aeration (CA) mode using different air-water ratios from 0.5:1 to 4:1. The aerated SVU CW achieves a high (more than 85%) removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Furthermore, we simulate the SVU CW using the HYDRUS Wetland Module using the CWM1 biokinetic model under CA mode. According to the simulation results, aeration intensity controls the substrate distribution and growth of bacteria with depth in the SVU CW. Organic matter (OM) and nitrogen are removed in the top region (0–30 cm) of the SVU CW. The root mean square error for COD and NH4+-N is >1.5, whereas R2 is >0.99. A good match between observed and simulated data suggests that the CWM1 model is a suitable tool for simulating various processes and bacterial dynamics in aerated SVU CWs.

ACS Style

Yasinta John; Guenter Langergraber; Tanveer M. Adyel; Victor Emery David. Aeration intensity simulation in a saturated vertical up-flow constructed wetland. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 708, 134793 .

AMA Style

Yasinta John, Guenter Langergraber, Tanveer M. Adyel, Victor Emery David. Aeration intensity simulation in a saturated vertical up-flow constructed wetland. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 708 ():134793.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yasinta John; Guenter Langergraber; Tanveer M. Adyel; Victor Emery David. 2019. "Aeration intensity simulation in a saturated vertical up-flow constructed wetland." Science of The Total Environment 708, no. : 134793.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Ecological Engineering
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Andrea Zraunig; Miquel Estelrich; Heinz Gattringer; Johannes Kisser; Guenter Langergraber; Manfred Radtke; Ignasi Rodriguez-Roda; Gianluigi Buttiglieri. Long term decentralized greywater treatment for water reuse purposes in a tourist facility by vertical ecosystem. Ecological Engineering 2019, 138, 138 -147.

AMA Style

Andrea Zraunig, Miquel Estelrich, Heinz Gattringer, Johannes Kisser, Guenter Langergraber, Manfred Radtke, Ignasi Rodriguez-Roda, Gianluigi Buttiglieri. Long term decentralized greywater treatment for water reuse purposes in a tourist facility by vertical ecosystem. Ecological Engineering. 2019; 138 ():138-147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Zraunig; Miquel Estelrich; Heinz Gattringer; Johannes Kisser; Guenter Langergraber; Manfred Radtke; Ignasi Rodriguez-Roda; Gianluigi Buttiglieri. 2019. "Long term decentralized greywater treatment for water reuse purposes in a tourist facility by vertical ecosystem." Ecological Engineering 138, no. : 138-147.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2019 in Water Science and Technology
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The main approach for designing vertical flow (VF) treatment wetlands is based on areal requirements ranging from 2 to 4 m2 per person equivalent (PE). Other design parameters are the granularity of the filter material, filter depth, hydraulic and organic loading rates, loading intervals, amount of single doses as well as the number of openings in the distribution pipes. The influence of these parameters is investigated by running simulations using the HYDRUS Wetland Module for three VF wetlands with different granularity of the filter material (0.06–4 mm, 1–4 mm, and 4–8 mm, respectively). For each VF wetland, simulations are carried out at different temperatures for different organic loading rates, loading intervals and number of distribution points. Using coarser filter material results in reduced removal of pollutants and higher effluent concentrations if VF wetlands are operated under the same conditions. However, the treatment efficiency can be increased by applying more loadings and/or a higher density of the distribution network. For finer filter material, longer loading intervals are suggested to guarantee sufficient aeration of the VF filter between successive loadings.

ACS Style

Bernhard Pucher; Guenter Langergraber. Influence of design parameters on the treatment performance of VF wetlands – a simulation study. Water Science and Technology 2019, 80, 265 -273.

AMA Style

Bernhard Pucher, Guenter Langergraber. Influence of design parameters on the treatment performance of VF wetlands – a simulation study. Water Science and Technology. 2019; 80 (2):265-273.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bernhard Pucher; Guenter Langergraber. 2019. "Influence of design parameters on the treatment performance of VF wetlands – a simulation study." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 2: 265-273.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Airport surface runoff during wintertime contains high concentrations of pavement de-icing fluids (PDFs). Uncontrolled discharge of this runoff poses a potential environmental hazard for the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Several technologies for collection, transportation and treatment of contaminated runoff water are available, mainly technical systems, which require high operation and maintenance efforts. For moderately contaminated runoff, the discharge to a wastewater treatment plant is usually applied. In this study, a passive soil-based filter is proposed to treat the contaminated surface water runoff. The degradation of two PDFs was under investigation, namely Safeway® KA-Hot based on potassium acetate, and urea. The main research objective was to determine the capability of the in-situ soil and a soil based filter using zeolite and perlite as additional filter media to degrade the organic pollutants in the runoff. Column experiments at temperatures between 3 °C and 5 °C were carried out to determine the degradation potential when using 50% in-situ soil mixed with zeolite and perlite. Besides TOC, the nitrogen degradation was also under investigation. Due to the low temperatures, available nutrients are a key factor for the TOC degrading microorganisms. Overall TOC reduction rates were found from 76% up to 98%, with TOC effluent concentrations in the range of 18 to 870 mg·L−1, depending on the influent concentration. Based on the results, the use of a soil-based filter is a promising, passive, natural based solution for the treatment of de-icing runoff.

ACS Style

A. Pressl; B. Pucher; B. Scharf; Guenter Langergraber. Treatment of de-icing contaminated surface water runoff along an airport runway using in-situ soil enriched with structural filter materials. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 660, 321 -328.

AMA Style

A. Pressl, B. Pucher, B. Scharf, Guenter Langergraber. Treatment of de-icing contaminated surface water runoff along an airport runway using in-situ soil enriched with structural filter materials. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 660 ():321-328.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Pressl; B. Pucher; B. Scharf; Guenter Langergraber. 2018. "Treatment of de-icing contaminated surface water runoff along an airport runway using in-situ soil enriched with structural filter materials." Science of The Total Environment 660, no. : 321-328.

Journal article
Published: 28 December 2018 in Water Science and Technology
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The German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste e.V. (DWA) has published a new standard for the dimensioning, construction, and operation of constructed wetlands for treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater. The changes to the standard are based on a wide range of experience gained in recent years in Germany and Europe. For the first time ever, the standard has been officially translated and published in English. This paper summarizes the new standard for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater with classical one-stage unsaturated vertical flow (VF) wetlands, VF wetlands with lava sand for treatment of wastewater from combined sewer systems, and actively aerated VF and horizontal flow (HF) flow wetlands. Two-stage unsaturated VF wetlands treating raw wastewater (French VF wetlands), are also included in the new standard. HF wetlands are no longer described in the standard for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater. This does not exclude their application. Existing HF wetland systems in Germany may continue to be operated so long as effluent parameters are met and proper operations and maintenance is ensured. This paper gives an overview of the new design standard, including key information on wastewater type and loading, as well as primary attributes of each wetland design.

ACS Style

Jaime Nivala; Manfred Van Afferden; Ralf Hasselbach; Guenter Langergraber; Pascal Molle; Heribert Rustige; Jens Nowak. The new German standard on constructed wetland systems for treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater. Water Science and Technology 2018, 78, 2414 -2426.

AMA Style

Jaime Nivala, Manfred Van Afferden, Ralf Hasselbach, Guenter Langergraber, Pascal Molle, Heribert Rustige, Jens Nowak. The new German standard on constructed wetland systems for treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater. Water Science and Technology. 2018; 78 (11):2414-2426.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaime Nivala; Manfred Van Afferden; Ralf Hasselbach; Guenter Langergraber; Pascal Molle; Heribert Rustige; Jens Nowak. 2018. "The new German standard on constructed wetland systems for treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 11: 2414-2426.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2018 in Water Science and Technology
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In Austria, single-stage vertical flow (VF) wetlands with intermittent loading are a state-of-the-art technology for treating domestic wastewater. They are designed according to the Austrian design standard with a specific surface area of 4 m2 per person (i.e. 20 g COD/(m2·d)) and thus demand a bigger amount of land to treat the same amount of wastewater compared to intensified technical treatment systems. In order to reduce the amount of land needed, a modified design for VF wetlands has been proposed. The modified design has a specific surface area of 2.5 m2 per person (i.e. 32 g COD/(m2·d)) and it has been shown to be able to meet the Austrian effluent requirements. To allow higher organic loading, more loadings per day but lower volume of a single loading, a constant loading interval, and increased number of openings per m2 are applied. A simulation study using the HYDRUS Wetland Module was carried out to compare the treatment efficiencies of single-stage VF wetlands with classical and modified design. Data from a classical Austrian single-stage VF wetland was used for calibration of the model using the standard parameter set for the CW2D biokinetic model. The influent COD fractionation was calibrated to adapt to the wastewater. The simulations showed a good performance of the modified design compared to a classical VF wetland for COD removal with COD effluent concentrations in winter (effluent water temperature of 4.5 °C) of 35 and 29 mg/L, respectively. The simulation study showed that during high-loading events the VF wetland with modified design has lower maximum NH4-N effluent concentrations. Single-stage VF wetlands with modified design seem to be very effective and allow application of higher organic loads compared to single-stage VF wetlands with classical design.

ACS Style

Alba Canet Martí; Bernhard Pucher; Carmen Hernández-Crespo; Miguel Martín Monerris; Guenter Langergraber. Numerical simulation of vertical flow wetlands with special emphasis on treatment performance during winter. Water Science and Technology 2018, 78, 2019 -2026.

AMA Style

Alba Canet Martí, Bernhard Pucher, Carmen Hernández-Crespo, Miguel Martín Monerris, Guenter Langergraber. Numerical simulation of vertical flow wetlands with special emphasis on treatment performance during winter. Water Science and Technology. 2018; 78 (9):2019-2026.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alba Canet Martí; Bernhard Pucher; Carmen Hernández-Crespo; Miguel Martín Monerris; Guenter Langergraber. 2018. "Numerical simulation of vertical flow wetlands with special emphasis on treatment performance during winter." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 9: 2019-2026.

Editorial
Published: 07 November 2018 in Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft
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Günter Langergraber; Thomas Ertl. Dezentrale Abwasserbewirtschaftung. Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 2018, 70, 559 -559.

AMA Style

Günter Langergraber, Thomas Ertl. Dezentrale Abwasserbewirtschaftung. Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft. 2018; 70 (11-12):559-559.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Günter Langergraber; Thomas Ertl. 2018. "Dezentrale Abwasserbewirtschaftung." Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 70, no. 11-12: 559-559.