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Polyphase permanent magnet synchronous motors exhibit outstanding advantages over the traditional three-phase traction motors in electrified transportation applications. This manuscript introduces a novel direct-torque model predictive control technique aiming at developing a highly reliable, loss-minimizing and energy efficient five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drive. Leveraging the underlying constrained optimization process, the direct torque model predictive control approach optimizes the torque delivery and speed regulation quality, improves the flux and torque ripples, reduces higher-order current harmonics, minimizes motor drive losses, and boosts power efficiency of the electric powertrain. dSPACE DS1104 hardware-in-the-loop and computer simulation studies are jointly utilized to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed direct torque model predictive control approach in polyphase permanent magnet synchronous motor drive applications.
Benjamin Cao; Brandon M. Grainger; Xin Wang; Yu Zou; Gregory F. Reed; Zhi-Hong Mao. Direct Torque Model Predictive Control of a Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2020, 36, 2346 -2360.
AMA StyleBenjamin Cao, Brandon M. Grainger, Xin Wang, Yu Zou, Gregory F. Reed, Zhi-Hong Mao. Direct Torque Model Predictive Control of a Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2020; 36 (2):2346-2360.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenjamin Cao; Brandon M. Grainger; Xin Wang; Yu Zou; Gregory F. Reed; Zhi-Hong Mao. 2020. "Direct Torque Model Predictive Control of a Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 2: 2346-2360.
A discrete-time-coupled state-dependent Riccati equation (CSDRE) control strategy is structured in this paper for synthesizing state feedback controllers satisfying the combined nonlinear quadratic regulator (NLQR) and H∞ robust control performance objectives. Under smoothness assumptions, the nonlinear plant dynamics can be formulated into state-dependent coefficient form through direct parameterization. By solving a pair of coupled state-dependent Riccati equations, the optimal stabilizing solutions can achieve inherent stability, nonlinear quadratic optimality, and H∞ disturbance attenuation performance. The established two-player Nash's game theory is utilized for developing both of the finite and infinite time optimal control laws. Furuta swing-up pendulum, a representative nonholonomic underactuated nonlinear system, is stabilized in real-time for validating the robustness and potential of proposed approach in mechatronics applications.
Xin Wang. Discrete Time-Coupled State-Dependent Riccati Equation Control of Nonlinear Mechatronic Systems. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 2020, 142, 1 .
AMA StyleXin Wang. Discrete Time-Coupled State-Dependent Riccati Equation Control of Nonlinear Mechatronic Systems. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control. 2020; 142 (8):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Wang. 2020. "Discrete Time-Coupled State-Dependent Riccati Equation Control of Nonlinear Mechatronic Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 142, no. 8: 1.
As missing sensor data may severely degrade the overall system performance and stability, reliable state estimation is of great importance in modern data-intensive control, computing, and power systems applications. Aiming at providing a more robust and resilient state estimation technique, this manuscript presents a novel second-order fault tolerant extended Kalman filter estimation framework for discrete-time stochastic nonlinear systems under sensor failures, bounded observer-gain perturbation, extraneous noise, and external disturbances condition. The failure mechanism of multiple sensors is assumed to be independent of each other with various malfunction rates. The proposed approach is a locally unbiased, minimum estimation error covariance based nonlinear observer designed for dynamic state estimation under these conditions. It has been successfully applied to a benchmark target-trajectory tracking application. Computer simulation studies have demonstrated that the proposed second-order fault tolerant extended Kalman filter provides more accurate estimation results, in comparison with traditional first- and second-order extended Kalman filter. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed second-order fault-tolerant extended Kalman filter can serve as a powerful alternative to the existing nonlinear estimation approaches.
Xin Wang; Edwin E. Yaz. Second-Order Fault Tolerant Extended Kalman Filter for Discrete Time Nonlinear Systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 2019, 64, 5086 -5093.
AMA StyleXin Wang, Edwin E. Yaz. Second-Order Fault Tolerant Extended Kalman Filter for Discrete Time Nonlinear Systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. 2019; 64 (12):5086-5093.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Wang; Edwin E. Yaz. 2019. "Second-Order Fault Tolerant Extended Kalman Filter for Discrete Time Nonlinear Systems." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 64, no. 12: 5086-5093.
Permanent magnet AC motors have been extensively utilized for adjustable-speed traction motor drives, due to their inherent advantages including higher power density, superior efficiency and reliability, more precise and rapid torque control, larger power factor, longer bearing and insulation life-time. Without any proportional-and-integral (PI) controllers, this manuscript introduces novel first- and higher-order field oriented sliding mode control schemes. Compared with the traditional PI-based vector control techniques, it is shown that the proposed field oriented sliding mode control methods improve the dynamic torque and speed response, enhance the robustness to parameter variations, modeling uncertainties and external load perturbations. While both first- and higher-order controllers display excellent performance, computer simulations show that the higher-order field oriented sliding mode scheme offers better performance by reducing the chattering phenomenon, which is present in the first-order scheme. The higher-order field oriented sliding mode controller, based on the hierarchical use of super-twisting algorithm, is then implemented with Texas Instruments TMS320F28335 DSP hardware platform to prototype the surface-mounted permanent magnet AC motor drive. Lastly, computer simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed field oriented sliding mode control approach is able to effectively meet the speed and torque requirements of a heavy-duty electrified vehicle during the EPA urban driving schedule.
Xin Wang; Max Reitz; Edwin E. Yaz. Field Oriented Sliding Mode Control of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet AC Motors: Theory and Applications to Electrified Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2018, 67, 10343 -10356.
AMA StyleXin Wang, Max Reitz, Edwin E. Yaz. Field Oriented Sliding Mode Control of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet AC Motors: Theory and Applications to Electrified Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 2018; 67 (11):10343-10356.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Wang; Max Reitz; Edwin E. Yaz. 2018. "Field Oriented Sliding Mode Control of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet AC Motors: Theory and Applications to Electrified Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67, no. 11: 10343-10356.
This paper considers a novel coupled state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) approach for systematically designing nonlinear quadratic regulator (NLQR) and H∞ control of mechatronics systems. The state-dependent feedback control solutions can be obtained by solving a pair of coupled SDREs, guaranteeing nonlinear quadratic optimality with inherent stability property in combination with robust L2 type of disturbance reduction. The derivation of this control strategy is based on Nash's game theory. Both finite and infinite horizon control problems are discussed. An under-actuated robotic system, Furuta rotary pendulum, is used to examine the effectiveness and robustness of this novel nonlinear control approach.
Xin Wang; Edwin E. Yaz; Susan C. Schneider. Coupled State-Dependent Riccati Equation Control for Continuous Time Nonlinear Mechatronics Systems. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 2018, 140, 111013 .
AMA StyleXin Wang, Edwin E. Yaz, Susan C. Schneider. Coupled State-Dependent Riccati Equation Control for Continuous Time Nonlinear Mechatronics Systems. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control. 2018; 140 (11):111013.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Wang; Edwin E. Yaz; Susan C. Schneider. 2018. "Coupled State-Dependent Riccati Equation Control for Continuous Time Nonlinear Mechatronics Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 140, no. 11: 111013.
The demand for sensorless control of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor drives has grown rapidly. Among various sensorless control techniques developed, Matsui’s current model-based approach and the extended Kalman filter approach have gained much attention. However, the performance of these control methods can be severely worsened or may even become unstable under strong disturbances or sensing failures. This paper presents a comparative study of the extended Kalman filter, the resilient extended Kalman filter, and the unscented Kalman filter-based sensorless direct torque and flux control approaches for the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. Computer simulation studies and hardware implementation results have shown the efficiency and superior performance of the resilient extended Kalman filter and the unscented Kalman filter over the traditional extended Kalman filter for sensorless direct torque control applications.
Joon B. Park; Xin Wang. Sensorless Direct Torque Control of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Nonlinear Kalman Filtering. Energies 2018, 11, 969 .
AMA StyleJoon B. Park, Xin Wang. Sensorless Direct Torque Control of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Nonlinear Kalman Filtering. Energies. 2018; 11 (4):969.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoon B. Park; Xin Wang. 2018. "Sensorless Direct Torque Control of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Nonlinear Kalman Filtering." Energies 11, no. 4: 969.
Xin Wang; Edwin E. Yaz; Susan C. Schneider; Yvonne I. Yaz. H2−H∞ control of discrete-time nonlinear systems using the state-dependent Riccati equation approach. Systems Science & Control Engineering 2017, 5, 215 -223.
AMA StyleXin Wang, Edwin E. Yaz, Susan C. Schneider, Yvonne I. Yaz. H2−H∞ control of discrete-time nonlinear systems using the state-dependent Riccati equation approach. Systems Science & Control Engineering. 2017; 5 (1):215-223.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Wang; Edwin E. Yaz; Susan C. Schneider; Yvonne I. Yaz. 2017. "H2−H∞ control of discrete-time nonlinear systems using the state-dependent Riccati equation approach." Systems Science & Control Engineering 5, no. 1: 215-223.
This paper presents a novel state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) control approach with the purpose of providing a more effective control design framework for continuous-time nonlinear systems to achieve a mixed nonlinear quadratic regulator and H∞ control performance criteria. By solving the generalized SDRE, the optimal control solution is found to achieve mixed performance objectives guaranteeing nonlinear quadratic optimality with inherent stability property in combination with H∞ type of disturbance reduction. An efficient computational algorithm is given to find the solution to the SDRE. The efficacy of the proposed technique is used to design the control system for inverted pendulum, an under-actuated nonlinear mechanical system.
Xin Wang; Edwin E. Yaz; Susan C. Schneider; Yvonne I. Yaz. H2−H∞ control of continuous-time nonlinear systems using the state-dependent Riccati equation approach. Systems Science & Control Engineering 2017, 5, 224 -231.
AMA StyleXin Wang, Edwin E. Yaz, Susan C. Schneider, Yvonne I. Yaz. H2−H∞ control of continuous-time nonlinear systems using the state-dependent Riccati equation approach. Systems Science & Control Engineering. 2017; 5 (1):224-231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Wang; Edwin E. Yaz; Susan C. Schneider; Yvonne I. Yaz. 2017. "H2−H∞ control of continuous-time nonlinear systems using the state-dependent Riccati equation approach." Systems Science & Control Engineering 5, no. 1: 224-231.
The subject of this paper pertains to sliding mode control and its application in nonlinear electrical power systems as seen in wind energy conversion systems. Due to the robustness in dealing with unmodeled system dynamics, sliding mode control has been widely used in electrical power system applications. This paper presents first and high order sliding mode control schemes for permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind energy conversion systems. The application of these methods for control using dynamic models of the d-axis and q-axis currents, as well as those of the high speed shaft rotational speed show a high level of efficiency in power extraction from a varying wind resource. Computer simulation results have shown the efficacy of the proposed sliding mode control approaches.
Guangping Zhuo; Jacob D. Hostettler; Patrick Gu; Xin Wang. Robust Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems. Sustainability 2016, 8, 1265 .
AMA StyleGuangping Zhuo, Jacob D. Hostettler, Patrick Gu, Xin Wang. Robust Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (12):1265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuangping Zhuo; Jacob D. Hostettler; Patrick Gu; Xin Wang. 2016. "Robust Sliding Mode Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems." Sustainability 8, no. 12: 1265.
Wind energy is the fastest growing and the most promising renewable energy resource. High efficiency and reliability are required for wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) to be competitive within the energy market. Difficulties in achieving the maximum level of efficiency in power extraction from the available wind energy resources warrant the collective attention of control and power system engineers. A strong movement toward sustainable energy resources and advances in control system methodologies make previously unattainable levels of efficiency possible. In this paper, we design a general resilient and robust control framework for a time-delay variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based WECS. A linear matrix inequality-based control approach is developed to accommodate the unstructured model uncertainties, L2 type of external disturbances, and time delays in input and state feedback variables. Computer simulation results have shown the efficacy of the proposed approach of achieving asymptotic stability and H∞ performance objectives.
Xin Wang; Mohammed Jamal Alden. Resilient and Robust Control of Time-Delay Wind Energy Conversion Systems. ASCE-ASME J Risk and Uncert in Engrg Sys Part B Mech Engrg 2016, 3, 011005 .
AMA StyleXin Wang, Mohammed Jamal Alden. Resilient and Robust Control of Time-Delay Wind Energy Conversion Systems. ASCE-ASME J Risk and Uncert in Engrg Sys Part B Mech Engrg. 2016; 3 (1):011005.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Wang; Mohammed Jamal Alden. 2016. "Resilient and Robust Control of Time-Delay Wind Energy Conversion Systems." ASCE-ASME J Risk and Uncert in Engrg Sys Part B Mech Engrg 3, no. 1: 011005.
To effectively control and maintain the transient stability of power systems, traditionally, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used as the real-time state estimator (RTSE) to provide the unmeasurable state information. However, the EKF estimation may degrade or even become unstable when the measurement data are inaccurate through random sensor failures, which is a widespread problem in data-intensive power system control applications. To address this issue, this paper proposes an improved EKF that is resilient against sensor failures. This work focuses on the resilient EKF’s (REKF’s) derivation with its application to single-machine infinite-bus (SMIB) power system excitation control. The sensor failure rate is modeled as a binomial distribution with a known mean value. The performance of REKF is compared with the traditional EKF for power system observer-based control under various chances of sensor failures. Computer simulation studies have shown the efficacy and superior performance of the proposed approach in power system control applications.
Xin Wang; Patrick Gu. Single-Machine Infinite-Bus Power System Excitation Control Design With Resilient Extended Kalman Filter. ASCE-ASME J Risk and Uncert in Engrg Sys Part B Mech Engrg 2016, 3, 011001 .
AMA StyleXin Wang, Patrick Gu. Single-Machine Infinite-Bus Power System Excitation Control Design With Resilient Extended Kalman Filter. ASCE-ASME J Risk and Uncert in Engrg Sys Part B Mech Engrg. 2016; 3 (1):011001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Wang; Patrick Gu. 2016. "Single-Machine Infinite-Bus Power System Excitation Control Design With Resilient Extended Kalman Filter." ASCE-ASME J Risk and Uncert in Engrg Sys Part B Mech Engrg 3, no. 1: 011001.
This paper presents a novel fuzzy control design of discrete-time nonlinear systems with multiple performance criteria. The purpose behind this work is to improve the traditional fuzzy controller performance to satisfy several performance criteria simultaneously to secure quadratic optimality with an inherent stability property together with a dissipativity type of disturbance reduction. The Takagi–Sugeno-type fuzzy model is used in our control system design. By solving a linear matrix inequality at each time step, the optimal control solution can be found to satisfy mixed performance criteria. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by simulation of the control of the inverted pendulum system on a cart.
Xin Wang; Edwin E. Yaz. Robust multi-criteria optimal fuzzy control of discrete-time nonlinear systems. Systems Science & Control Engineering 2016, 4, 31 -38.
AMA StyleXin Wang, Edwin E. Yaz. Robust multi-criteria optimal fuzzy control of discrete-time nonlinear systems. Systems Science & Control Engineering. 2016; 4 (1):31-38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Wang; Edwin E. Yaz. 2016. "Robust multi-criteria optimal fuzzy control of discrete-time nonlinear systems." Systems Science & Control Engineering 4, no. 1: 31-38.
Power system is the backbone of our society. The purpose of this work is to design a stable, robust and efficient controller for a power-generation system with time delays, model uncertainties and disturbances. Based on the practical dynamics of generator, prime mover, exciter and automatic voltage regulator, a mathematical power-generation system model is developed with state space dynamical equations involving time delays in the feedback. A novel robust control framework based on linear matrix inequalities is proposed in the paper, which controls the energy system effectively. Computer simulations are used to show the efficacy of the proposed control algorithm.
Mohammed Jamal Alden; Xin Wang. RobustH∞control of time delayed power systems. Systems Science & Control Engineering 2015, 3, 253 -261.
AMA StyleMohammed Jamal Alden, Xin Wang. RobustH∞control of time delayed power systems. Systems Science & Control Engineering. 2015; 3 (1):253-261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Jamal Alden; Xin Wang. 2015. "RobustH∞control of time delayed power systems." Systems Science & Control Engineering 3, no. 1: 253-261.
Difficulties in achieving the maximum level of efficiency in power extraction from available wind resources warrant the collective attention of modern control and power systems engineers. A strong movement towards sustainable energy resources, and advances in control system methodologies make previously unattainable levels of efficiency possible. One such promising method is sliding mode control. This control method, touted for its robustness given un-modelled dynamics present in the system, provides ideal characteristics for application in the control of permanent magnet synchronous generators employed in variable speed wind energy conversion systems. Application of this method for control using dynamic models of the d-axis and q-axis currents, as well as those of the high-speed shaft rotational speed results in a high-level efficiency in power extraction from a varying wind resource.
Jacob Hostettler; Xin Wang. Sliding mode control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator for variable speed wind energy conversion systems. Systems Science & Control Engineering 2015, 3, 453 -459.
AMA StyleJacob Hostettler, Xin Wang. Sliding mode control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator for variable speed wind energy conversion systems. Systems Science & Control Engineering. 2015; 3 (1):453-459.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacob Hostettler; Xin Wang. 2015. "Sliding mode control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator for variable speed wind energy conversion systems." Systems Science & Control Engineering 3, no. 1: 453-459.
A novel state-dependent control approach for discrete-time nonlinear systems with general performance criteria is presented. This controller is robust for unstructured model uncertainties, resilient against bounded feedback control gain perturbations in achieving optimality for general performance criteria to secure quadratic optimality with inherent asymptotic stability property together with quadratic dissipative type of disturbance reduction. For the system model, unstructured uncertainty description is assumed, which incorporates commonly used types of uncertainties, such as norm-bounded and positive real uncertainties as special cases. By solving a state-dependent linear matrix inequality (LMI) at each time step, sufficient condition for the control solution can be found which satisfies the general performance criteria. The results of this paper unify existing results on nonlinear quadratic regulator, H∞ and positive real control to provide a novel robust control design. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by simulation of the control of inverted pendulum.
Xin Wang; Edwin E. Yaz; James Long. Robust and resilient state-dependent control of discrete-time nonlinear systems with general performance criteria. Systems Science & Control Engineering 2014, 2, 48 -54.
AMA StyleXin Wang, Edwin E. Yaz, James Long. Robust and resilient state-dependent control of discrete-time nonlinear systems with general performance criteria. Systems Science & Control Engineering. 2014; 2 (1):48-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Wang; Edwin E. Yaz; James Long. 2014. "Robust and resilient state-dependent control of discrete-time nonlinear systems with general performance criteria." Systems Science & Control Engineering 2, no. 1: 48-54.