A successful implementation of a CE requires an appropriate comprehension of its conceptual framework and the identification of the elements that composed it. However, there is still no consensus on a unique CE definition, which makes it difficult for companies to adopt circular practices in their business models. In this context, this study proposes a CE framework based on four fundamental elements: principles, drivers, stakeholders and strategies, which was complemented by circular-organization-oriented metrics. Then, local case studies were used to assess the implementation of CE strategies in Ecuadorian companies. Among the identified elements, it was found that there are general action lines that facilitate the understanding of the CE. On the other hand, the majority of elements and metrics are oriented toward the production and end-of-life stages, while extraction, design, use, marketing and distribution are less considered. Furthermore, although environmental, economic and social aspects are considered, the latter are mostly limited to employment generation. Finally, for the local case studies it was observed that the current adoption of circular practices in companies derives from the incorporation of the sustainability approach instead of a structured and systematic implementation of CE strategies.

The rise of consumption patterns of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and the generation of waste EEE (WEEE) has been strongly increasing globally. Recycling rates (RRs) are one of the main indicators for monitoring the progress towards a circular economy and establishing recovery and treatment schemes. For this reason, this study discusses the setting of recycling targets for WEEE in Ecuador, using mobile phones as a case study. Firstly, the generation of mobile phone waste from 2012 to 2018 is estimated based on literature review. The most appropriate model for estimating WEEE generation is selected according to the applicable market conditions, input requirements and available data. Then, the composition of a mobile phone is determined through an extensive literature review. Based on these results, the materials’ environmental impact and potential economic value are approximated using the ReCiPe Endpoint (H, A) method and the prices of virgin materials, respectively. The estimation shows that in Ecuador an average of 2 million devices are discarded every year, which represents an interesting source of resources but currently does not have appropriate management. Ecuador has implemented regulatory frameworks in favour of the integral management of these wastes. However, mass-based collection targets still appear to be the only available measure. Therefore, national results on electronics recycling do not allow adequate monitoring of progress towards a circular economy and largely neglect environmental aspects and economic potential.