N₂ and O₂ adsorption isotherms in chemically modified clinoptilolite-Ca zeolites were experimentally estimated by inverse adsorption chromatography. Natural zeolites (CLINA) were chemically treated with HCl at different concentrations (H1-H4). The adsorption of N₂ and O₂ on these zeolites was studied in the temperature zone of 398–498 K using gas chromatography. This technique used a thermal-conductivity detector and He as carrier gas, at a rate of 30 mL min⁻¹. The Langmuir and Henry equations were used to describe the experimental results of these gases’ adsorption. To evaluate the selectivity of the components of atmospheric air, the chemical activation of the zeolite clinoptilolite-Ca has been carried out. The results are attractive because of the ability to separate the gases these nanomaterials present under dynamic conditions. The structural modifications of the crystalline phases of the studied zeolites were carried out through X-ray diffraction, where the average crystal size was evaluated with the Scherrer equation, finding values of 25.86 nm for CLINA and 15.12 nm for H3 zeolites. The variation of their chemical composition was carried out by energy-dispersive EDS, while the adsorption of N₂ carried out their texture properties at 77 K. The selectivity coefficients (α) were evaluated for these gases in pure form and in a mixture (atmospheric air), finding the highest values in zeolites H4 and H3. The interaction energies between these gases with the porous structures of the studied zeolites were evaluated from the evolution of the isosteric enthalpies of adsorption through the Clausius–Clapeyron equation.

The applicability of clinoptilolite zeolites in controlling the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO₂, the most significant GHG, is investigated herein. In this research, Mexican natural zeolites (ATN) originating from an Atzinco deposit in the state of Puebla were used. Samples of modified clinoptilolite (ATH4, ATH3, ATH2 and ATH1) were obtained from the starting material by acid treatment of various intensities. Inverse gas chromatography was used to evaluate CO₂ adsorption in clinoptilolite, natural and chemically modified. Adsorption of CO₂ was investigated in the temperature range of 433–573 K, using a TCD detector, and He as a carrier gas. The experimental CO₂ adsorption data were processed by Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The degree of interaction between CO₂ and the dealuminated clinoptilolite samples was examined through the evaluation of the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption. This calculation was made by using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, which established the following sequence: ATH1 > ATH2 > ATH4 > ATN > ATH3. The nanoporosity of these clinoptolite zeolites from new deposit in sedimentary rocks was studied through HRADS adsorption of N₂. Simultaneously, these zeolites were, respectively, characterized by XRD, EDS, and SEM. Micropores are described by the Dubinin–Asthakov distribution. Various adsorption mechanisms that occur in these nanoporous materials at different relative pressures can be visualized. The quantitative determination of starting mineral is described as: Ca-Clinoptilolite (88.76%) >> Montmorillonite (11.11%) >> quartz (0.13%). The Si/Al molar ratio after acid treatment is: ATH4 > ATH2 > ATN > ATH3 > ATH1. The Langmuir specific surface area (A_SL) varies as follows: ATN > ATH2 > ATH4 > ATH3 > ATH1. At the same time, the V_Σ values are as follows: ATN > ATH4 > ATH3 > ATH1 > ATH2.

Las sequías han causado daños en gran parte del estado, generando consecuencias económicas, sociales y ambientales. Esto ha provocado tensiones y conflictos sociales y políticos por el uso del agua a nivel local y municipal. Por ello, es importante generar conocimiento sobre el estado actual y la evolución de las sequías y sus afectaciones, debido al impacto que tienen en diversas actividades humanas y en otros ámbitos. El objetivo de la presente investigación, es analizar las principales bases de datos para identificar la exposición por sequía que presenta el estado de Puebla como componente importante de vulnerabilidad y riesgo. La metodología empleada, fue cuantitativa a través de la exploración del monitor de sequía de CONAGUA, el software RCli­mDex, basado en series de tiempo mensuales de índices climáticos, para analizar tendencias de variables me­teorológicas, así como indicadores socioeconómicos de bases de datos de Instituciones Gubernamentales, para identificar factores de exposición y sensibilidad y que, junto con la capacidad adaptativa, determinan el grado de vulnerabilidad. Los resultados indican que en los últimos años, se incrementaron los periodos de sequía afectando diversos municipios principalmente en la Sierra Norte y Nororiental, así como la mixteca poblana, incrementando la vulnerabilidad climática por sequía, principalmente por el evento El Niño Oscilación del Sur. Esto representa una aportación interesante, al haber pocas investigaciones a nivel estatal que analicen estas bases de datos importantes en la detección de vulnerabilidad a la sequía. Además, beneficia a los tomadores de decisiones en la gestión y manejo adecuado del recurso agua.

“Reflexiones sobre pertinencia de la educación ante el cambio social” analiza aspectos relativos a la congruencia entre la educación y el cambio social en momentos de la pandemia por COVID-19 en 2020, año en que las autoridades mexicanas la asumieron como tal, cambio del que fueron protagonistas centrales la familia y la educación como instituciones de socialización y formación de personas desde nivel preescolar hasta estudios de posgrado. En la obra se discuten las afectaciones al profesorado, alumnado y los adultos que durante el confinamiento en casa se quedaron a cargo del estudiantado menor de 18 años, a partir de diferentes estudios realizados por docentes e investigadores nacionales y extranjeros en variados espacios de México y foráneos, en diversos niveles educativos al estudiar temas específicos y contextualizados sobre educación, pobreza, marginación, migración, educación social, pedagogía e inclusión, educación y salud, así como educación ambiental y sostenibilidad. La población mexicana —y en específico la relacionada con la educación— tuvo como marco de actuación la pandemia, por esto la presente obra se enfoca a esta reflexión para sumar la visión de diferentes estudiosos y perspectivas a la discusión, para rescatar elementos con posibilidad de reorientar la educación en el marco del cambio social ocasionado.

The study presents experimental results on the adsorption of endosulfan in new natural zeolite deposits from Mexico. The adsorption of this herbicide was evaluated using inverse gas chromatography with a thermal conductivity detector and helium as the carrier gas. The experimental adsorption data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations in their linear form over a temperature range of 413–573 K. The study also estimated thermodynamic parameters such as the Free Energy of Gibbs (ΔG), isosteric enthalpy of adsorption (ΔH), and entropy change (ΔS) within this temperature range. The results indicated that the zeolites studied had a low adsorption capacity for this herbicide under the experimental conditions. The study also quantitatively determined the presence of starting minerals, with Na-Mordenite and Na-Clinoptilolite being the most prevalent, followed by Ca-Chabazite, Ca-Clinoptilolite, and Montmorillonite, with Quartz being present in low amounts. The NMOR zeolite underwent ion exchanges with AgNO₃ to produce the Ag-MOR zeolite and assess its herbicide adsorption capacity. Another mineral, Ca-Stilbite, was present in higher quantities than Ca-Clinoptilolite and Quartz.

Climate change affects crop production, resulting in economic losses. One of the most significant changes caused by this phenomenon is a shift in the optimal planting date, so it is important to identify the optimal planting dates under the new climatic patterns, or at least appropriate ones that allow the selection of the indicated maize (Zea mays L.) variety (for example, short, intermediate, or late cycle genotype) that would be best to plant in order to obtain higher yields. Therefore, this research hypothesized that climate change would lead to shifts in the planting dates of rainfed maize. The objective was to assess the impact of climate change on planting dates in the eastern region of Puebla, Mexico. For this purpose, daily precipitation (PCP), as well as maximum and minimum temperature data from 13 climatological stations covering the period 1961–2020, were analyzed. Data quality was assessed using RClimDex software, and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using the Penman–Monteith method. The optimal planting date was defined as the point when PCP ≥ 0.5 ETo, indicating sufficient water availability for seed germination. Results revealed that climate change increased variability in planting dates during the 1991–2020 period compared to 1961–1990. A spatially differentiated impact of climate change on planting dates was observed. In the 1991–2020 period, the earliest planting dates shifted toward the northwest, while the latest remained in the southern part of the region. These differentiated effects highlight the need for localized climate change adaptation strategies to support agricultural planning.