Bismuth-containing nanomaterials offer a new opportunity to move beyond current achievements in the fields of drug delivery, diagnosis, cancer therapy, biosensing, and tissue engineering. This review describes emerging applications and perspective of these nanoparticles.

Diabetic wound (DW) therapy is currently a big challenge in medicine and strategies to enhance neurogenesis and angiogenesis have appeared to be a promising direction. However, the current treatments have failed to coordinate neurogenesis and angiogenesis simultaneously, leading to an increased disability rate caused by DWs. Herein, a whole‐course‐repair system is introduced by a hydrogel to concurrently achieve a mutually supportive cycle of neurogenesis‐angiogenesis under a favorable immune‐microenvironment. This hydrogel can first be one‐step packaged in a syringe for later in situ local injections to cover wounds long‐termly for accelerated wound healing via the synergistic effect of magnesium ions (Mg ²⁺ ) and engineered small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). The self‐healing and bio‐adhesive properties of the hydrogel make it an ideal physical barrier for DWs. At the inflammation stage, the formulation can recruit bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells to the wound sites and stimulate them toward neurogenic differentiation, while providing a favorable immune microenvironment via macrophage reprogramming. At the proliferation stage of wound repair, robust angiogenesis occurs by the synergistic effect of the newly differentiated neural cells and the released Mg ²⁺ , allowing a regenerative neurogenesis‐angiogenesis cycle to take place at the wound site. This whole‐course‐repair system provides a novel platform for combined DW therapy.

Generation of reactive oxygen species, delayed blood clotting, prolonged inflammation, bacterial infection, and slow cell proliferation are the main challenges of effective wound repair. Herein, a multifunctional extracellular matrix‐mimicking hydrogel is fabricated through abundant hydrogen bonding among the functional groups of gelatin and tannic acid (TA) as a green chemistry approach. The hydrogel shows adjustable physicochemical properties by altering the concentration of TA and it represents high safety features both in vitro and in vivo on fibroblasts, red blood cells, and mice organs. In addition to the merit of facile encapsulation of cell proliferation‐inducing hydrophilic drugs, accelerated healing of skin injury is obtained through pH‐dependent release of TA and its multifaceted mechanisms as an antibacterial, antioxidant, hemostatic, and anti‐inflammatory moiety. The developed gelatin‐TA (GelTA) hydrogel also shows an outstanding effect on the formation of extracellular matrix and wound closure in vivo via offered cell adhesion sites in the backbone of gelatin that provide increased re‐epithelialization and better collagen deposition. These results suggest that the multifunctional GelTA hydrogel is a promising candidate for the clinical treatment of full‐thickness wounds and further development of wound dressing materials that releases active agents in the neutral or slightly basic environment of infected nonhealing wounds.