Objective: This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of laser treatment of oral vascular lesions using the multiple spot irradiation technique with a single-pulsed wave. Background data: In laser therapy for vascular lesions, heat accumulation induced by excessive irradiation can cause adverse events postoperatively, including ulcer formation, resultant scarring, and severe pain. To prevent heat accumulation and side effects, we have applied a multiple pulsed spot irradiation technique, the so-called “leopard technique” (LT) to oral vascular lesions. This approach was originally proposed for laser treatment of nevi. It can avoid thermal concentration at the same spot and spare the epithelium, which promotes smooth healing. The goal of the study was to evaluate this procedure and treatment outcomes. Patients and methods: The subjects were 46 patients with 47 oral vascular lesions treated with the LT using a Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm), including 24 thick lesions treated using a combination of the LT and intralesional photocoagulation. Results: All treatment outcomes were satisfactory without serious complications such as deep ulcer formation, scarring, bleeding, or severe swelling. Conclusions: Laser therapy with the LT is a promising less-invasive treatment for oral vascular lesions.

The current pilot study investigates the effects following removal of excessive gingival tissue, which is often necessary in fixed prosthodontic cases. The aim of the study is to assess gingival healing after diode laser gingivectomy prior to prosthetic procedures. Materials and methods: The healing process of the gingiva after the diode laser gingivectomy of 41 teeth was assessed. The following parameters were examined: recovery time of the gingiva, possibility to take the impression at the same visit, duration of the manipulation, bleeding during the procedure, tissue adherence to the instrument, postoperative hemorrhage on probing, postoperative pain, and wound healing in regard to tissue color, tissue contour, and appearance of the wound. Results: At the 24th hour, all gingival wounds were covered with fibrinous plaque and an erythematous halo. At the 72nd hour, in two cases (4.9%), this wound’s characteristic had already passed through to the next healing stage—granulated surface and normal pale pink color. A granulated surface in the 1st week was reported in 10 (24.4%) cases, and in all of the other 31 (75.6%) cases, complete healing was reported. In the second week, all wound surfaces had a normal pale pink color. Bleeding was self-limiting in most of the cases and negligible from a clinical point of view. The postoperative pain levels were low or nonexistent. There was lack of postoperative hemorrhage on probing after the first week in all examined cases. Tissue recovery in terms of tissue contour, color, and appearance of the wound was asymptomatic. Conclusion: within the limitations of this pilot study, the outcomes of the wound healing after laser gingivectomy aided the clinicians to perform the prosthetic procedures in the same visit.

The aim of the current article is to analyze and compare post-retraction gingival height changes resulting from six different types of gingival-displacement methods, encompassing both conventional and surgical approaches. The study involved a comparative analysis of 263 teeth (consisting of 128 front teeth, 69 premolars, and 66 molars) from 23 patients. For the investigation, three classic retraction methods were utilized, namely the single-cord technique, retraction paste Expasyl, and retraction paste Astringent. Additionally, three surgical techniques were employed, which included ceramic bur rotary curettage, Er:YAG laser troughing, and diode laser troughing. A randomized split-mouth design was implemented, and a significance level of 0.05 was used for the study. The recovery of the free gingival margin height was assessed on gypsum models that were scanned using an intraoral scanner during the first and second week after the retraction procedure. The results revealed that all retraction methods, except for ceramic bur rotary curettage, led to clinically insignificant levels of gingival recession. The article provides insights into the effectiveness and safety of various gingival-displacement techniques, highlighting that most methods tested in the study resulted in minimal or negligible gingival recession post-retraction.

Introduction: A venous lake (VL) is a vascular lesion with common occurrence in many patients, manifested as a dark blue-to-violet compressible papule, caused by dilation of venules. The main reasons for the treatment of VL are aesthetic. The haemorrhaging episodes or impairment of oral normal functions are also under considerations. Treatment of lip VL includes surgical excision, selective photocoagulation, cryotherapy, sclerotherapy and electrodessication. The high-intensity diode laser is an option. The 980 nm diode laser is selectively absorbed by haemoglobin and selectively destroys blood vessels, minimising injury to the surrounding healthy skin.Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of diode laser in the treatment of VL lesions with the accent on the postoperative defects and aesthetic results.Methods: 35 patients aged 37 to 71 were included in this study. A 980 nm diode laser was used in noncontact mode, under local anaesthesia in continuous wave (2-3W, for 20-60s). All patients received only one procedure.Results: Healing process was completed within 2 to 4 weeks after treatment with no scarring. None of the typical adverse effects were observed in the process of healing.Conclusions: Selective photocoagulation is an effective method for treatment of VL. Lower morbidity, minimal patient discomfort and satisfactory functional and aesthetic results are favourable for patients. To optimise the results and to reduce the adverse effects, basic knowledge on lasers and laser-tissue interactions is requisite.

Aim: The present clinical study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of 5 types of mouthwash based on different active substances. Materials and methods: The study included 180 patients divided into 6 groups of 30 patients, each group rinsing with one of the following types of mouthwash based on: essential oils, combination of essential oils and 0.12% chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide (0.8%), prebiotic, 0.2% chlorhexidine, and placebo. All participants underwent professional mechanical plaque removal after which they were instructed to rinse with 15 ml mouthwash 2 times a day for 21 days. During the study period, patients were monitored at days 0, 14, and 21, examining oral hygiene index, gingival index, bleeding index, and presence of side effects. Results: Gingival index, bleeding index, and oral hygiene index were reduced statistically significantly in all treatment groups. Adjunctive use of mouthwashes demonstrated better clinical effectiveness compared to mechanical plaque control (and placebo mouthwash). The gingival index and the plaque index were reduced most significantly in the group using mouthwash with hydrogen peroxide. The bleeding index decrease was most significant in the group using 0.2% chlorhexidine. Conclusions: All tested mouthwashes demonstrated significant clinical effectiveness in different degrees in gingivitis treatment. New formulas with prebiotic and combination of essential oils and chlorhexidine indicate promising effectiveness.