This research is aimed at the influence of different doses of lithium ascorbate on pigs’ diet estimation, at farrowing sows’ antioxidant status increase, and at lipid peroxidation product level decrease. The research was conducted in farrowing sows of the Irish landrace breed during the second farrow. Three groups of animals were formed, with ten livestock units in each. Thirty days after successful insemination, the sows of the E10, E5 and E2 experimental groups started receiving lithium ascorbate powder together with feed stuff in dosages of 10, 5 and 2 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Their weighing and biochemical examinations were performed before the substance introduction as well as on the 60th and 110th days of pregnancy. The following were detected in sows’ blood plasma: malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, SH/SS ratio, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. Lithium ascorbate usage during sows’ breeding cycle caused a significant increase in SH (reduced glutathione) level by 21% (p < 0.05), SS (oxidized glutathione) level decrease by 17% (p < 0.05), and malondialdehyde level decrease by 60% (p < 0.05). These data outline antioxidant defense system activization, reducing the risk of oxidative stress under the influence of feeding with lithium ascorbate. Lithium ascorbate in dosages of 10 mg/kg per body weight given together with feed stuff shows prominent adaptogene and stress protective features in the most effective way. The research conducted regarding lithium ascorbate usage for farrowing sows can reduce the negative consequences of oxidative stress, increase sows’ health preservation level, and contribute to fertility boost.

World consumption of pork is steadily increasing, with the growing demand for pork being met by increasing both the number of pigs and their slaughter weight. However, pork production faces negative factors leading to the development of oxidative stress, which does not allow the genetic potential of the breeds to be fully realised. Particular attention is paid to the post-weaning period in pigs, when they are exposed to numerous stresses, with low adaptive capacity. This is an important period in pig rearing as it is often accompanied by temporary low feed intake, poor growth, intestinal dysbiosis and diarrhoea after weaning. These factors pose a threat to animal health and welfare, increasing the risk of mortality and leading to significant economic losses. For many years the problem of oxidative stress has been solved by the use of zinc oxide in the diets of weaned piglets. The use of natural antioxidant additives in pig diets is becoming more and more relevant in pig breeding practice. Natural antioxidants include ascorbic acid (vitamin C), tocopherol (vitamin E) and dihydroquercitin. The aim of our research was to create and test a feed complex with the additive properties of antioxidants and vitamins. We developed a new feed complex of Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) with vitamins E and C (DHQEC), which was fed to boars at a dose of 0.025% of the basic diet during the whole period of fattening. The concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the blood serum of experimental animals was found to be significantly higher (p<0.1) by 12.5% at the end of the study compared with the control group. There was also a dynamics of oxidized glutathione concentration (GSS) decrease in experimental group animals, as well as a significant increase (p<0.05) of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSS) ratio by 45,9%. The concentration of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) was reliably lower (P<0.05) by 33,6% in comparison with the control group, while the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was 48.2% higher in the period before slaughter (p<0,1) in experimental group. The main effect of feeding DHQEC in mixed fodders was evident in the improvement of average daily live weight gain (ADG), including at the beginning of the experiment, the 1st week (p<0.10), and in the first period of fattening (5-8 weeks, p=0.09; 8 weeks, p<0.05). These indices testify to effective action of antioxidants and promote reactivity of organism and stress resistance, which raises the indices of productivity. Мировое потребление свинины неуклонно растет, растущий спрос на свинину удовлетворяется за счет увеличения как поголовья свиней, так и их убойного веса. Однако производство свинины сталкивается с негативными факторами, приводящие к развитию окислительного стресса, что не позволяет полностью реализовать генетический потенциал пород. Особое внимание обращено на послеотъемный период у свиней, когда они подвергаются многочисленным стрессам, при низкой адаптационной способности. Это важный период в выращивании свиней, так как он часто сопровождается временным низким потреблением корма, плохим ростом, дисбактериозом кишечника и диареей после отъема. Эти факторы представляют угрозу для здоровья и благополучия животных, повышая риск смертности, приводят к значительным экономическим потерям. В течение многих лет проблема окислительного стресса решалась путем использования оксида цинка в рационе поросят-отъемышей. Применение природных (естественных) антиоксидантных добавок к рациону свиней становится все более актуальным приемом в практике свиноводства. К естественным (природным) антиоксидантам относят аскорбиновую кислоту (витамин С), токоферол (витамин Е) и дигидрокверцитин. Цель наших исследований заключалась в создании и апробации кормового комплекса с аддитивными свойствами антиоксидантов и витаминов. Нами был разработан новый кормовой комплекс дигидрокверцетина (ДКВ) с витаминами Е и С (ДКВЕС), который скармливали боровкам в дозировке 0,025% от основного рациона на протяжении всего периода откорма. В ходе проведенных исследований было установлено, что концентрация восстановленного глутатиона (GSH)в сыворотке крови подопытных животных в конце исследования оставалась достоверно выше (p<0,1) - на 12,5% относительно показателей в контрольной группе. Также наблюдалась динамика снижения концентрации окисленного глутатиона (GSS)у животных опытной группы, и...

The study examined the effect of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) additives on milk yield, nitrogen metabolism and milk quality in highly productive dairy cows. In the experimental group, the efficiency of nitrogen use increased by 2.1%, and milk production increased. Milk quality indicators remained unchanged. After 30 days of taking N-carbamylglutamate, the total milk yield in the experimental group was 5.6% (p<0.05) higher than the baseline level and 8.3% (p<0.05) higher than in the control group. In both groups, there was a natural decrease in productivity at the third stage of lactation, but in the experimental group, a higher level of productivity was maintained. The level of arginine in the blood increased significantly in the experimental group, which indicates an improvement in non-protein nitrogen absorption. Although there were no significant changes in the amino acid composition of milk, the experimental sample had a higher concentration of lactose (by 3.4%) and dry matter (by 1.68%), as well as casein (by 1.8%) compared to the control group. Analysis of the fatty acid content in the experimental sample revealed elevated levels of several types of fatty acids, including stearic, oleic, and long-chain monounsaturated and polyunsaturated acids. It was found that the use of N-carbamylglutamate does not have a negative effect on key indicators of the quality of dairy products.

Background. Intensive development of livestock requires sufficient quantities of efficient, balanced feed. The ideal protein component of fodder is fish meal, but the cost of quality fish meal and its production volumes are insufficient. Mass production of insectoprotein based on Hermetia illucens larvae is the most promising for covering the protein deficit and creating sustainability of the feed supply system. Purpose. The aim of the study was to investigate the indices of apparent and true ileal digestibility and digestibility of the black lion grub (lat. Hermetia illucens) in comparative aspect with fish meal on piglets during the period of growing up. Materials and methods. From an array of crossbred hogs (♂ Duroc x ♀ Landrace) 10 live weight 27-35 kg at the age of 97-105 days were selected during the growing-up period. For the physiological experiment three groups of piglets were formed with three heads in each group, according to the principle of pair-analogs. The animals of the control group were fed with low protein feed, the 1st experimental group was fed with similar feed with addition of 3% meal from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), in the 2nd experimental group piglets received standard low protein feed with addition of 3% fish meal. As part of the physiological experiment, the digestibility and digestibility of experimental diets were evaluated on operated piglets (implantation of a T-shaped cannula into the ileum). Results. In establishing the parameters of apparent ileal digestibility (AID), data were obtained that the digestibility of crude protein in the control group was within 74.8% and of essential amino acids from 71.6 to 89.3%, respectively. When meal from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) was introduced, the digestibility of crude protein increased to 78.1%, which is 4.7% higher than in the standard diet, and there was also an increase in the digestibility of most amino acids: aspartate - 93.3%; glutamine - 87.8; histidine - 92.1; serine - 87.4; arginine - 93.4; glycine - 90.5; threonine - 89.1; alanine - 92.6; proline - 90.1; leucine + isoleucine - 92.4; phenylalanine - 88.5; lysine - 93.4; tryptophan - 90.2. These values are higher than similar digestibility values in the control group and when fish meal was used. True ileal digestibility of crude protein in fish meal was 89.0%, and amino acids - lysine, threonine, leucine, histidine and other essential amino acids were at a high level for high-protein supplements and ranged from 81.6 to 90.7%. Conclusion. Thus, studies on the main indices of digestibility of a new alimentary factor as flour from meal from black soldier fly showed high protein content and availability of amino acids. The structure of protein corresponds to animal protein, which allows us to consider Hermetia illucens as a potential source of a complete nutritional factor for pigs.

Stress during gestation has a complex impact on the maternal organism and fetal development, leading to long-term changes in the neurophysiology and metabolism of offspring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptogenic potential of lithium ascorbate in correcting stress responses in pregnant sows. The results demonstrate a pronounced modulatory effect of the studied compound on the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The data obtained indicate the potential of lithium ascorbate for the prevention of stress-associated reproductive dysfunctions, thus suggesting new possibilities for managing stress reactivity during gestation.

One of the key physiological factors determining the success of reproduction is the oxidative status of the body, since during gestation, farrowing and location, the level of metabolic stress in sows increases, accompanied by increased formation of free radicals. The aim of the study was to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of lithium ascorbate in modulating the antioxidant system of sows during gestation. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted on clinically healthy sows, which were divided into two groups: control and experimental. The animals in the experimental group were given lithium ascorbate orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight per day throughout the entire reproductive cycle, including the service period, gestation, and lactation. The control group did not receive any supplement. To assess the antioxidant status, blood samples were collected from the sows on days 30 and 110 of gestation to measure the concentrations of glutathione (GSH and GSSG), calculate the thioldisulfide ratio (GSH/GSSG), and determine the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). It has been established that the use of lithium ascorbate causes statistically significant changes in indicators of oxidativeantioxidant homeostasis in pregnant sows. In the experimental group, there was an increase in glutathione (GSH) levels and a decrease in glutathione disulfide (GSSG) content, leading to an improvement in the GSH/GSSG ratio compared to the control group. Additionally, a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was observed. The positive effects were more pronounced on day 110 of gestation, which corresponds to the period of maximum physiological stress. The results suggest that lithium ascorbate has antioxidant activity in sows during pregnancy, possibly through activation of the glutathione system and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. These findings support the potential use of lithium ascorbate in feeding schemes to prevent oxidative stress and support the reproductive health of sows in conditions of increased physiological and environmental stress.