Our study sought to assess the effectiveness of a constant micropump infusion of atropine and pralidoxime chloride compared with repeated-bolus doses in patients with severe acute organophosphorus insecticide poisoning (AOPP). A total of 60 patients with severe AOPP, defined as cholinergic crisis with respiratory failure or cerebral edema, were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each. In the experimental group, patients received a continuous micropump of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; in the control group, patients were given intermittent injections of atropine and pralidoxime chloride. Primary outcome measures were the dose of atropine required for atropinization, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score at atropinization, time to atropinization and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) recovery time. Additionally, the case fatality rate was measured as a secondary outcome. Compared to patients in the control group, the time to atropinization, AchE recovery time, dose of atropine when atropinization occurred, and APACHE II score in the experimental group showed a statistically significant therapeutic effect (p < 0.05), and the case fatality rate of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Continuous micropump of atropine and pralidoxime chloride combined is more effective than the use of repeated-bolus injection in the treatment of severe acute organophosphorus insecticide poisoning.

Feed efficiency (FE) is a crucial economic indicator of meat duck production. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of residual feed intake (RFI), defined as the difference between the actual and expected feed intake based on animal's production and maintenance requirements, on the growth performance (GP), slaughter and internal organ characteristics of fast-growing meat ducks. In total, 1,300 healthy 14-day-old male fast-growing meat ducks were housed in individual cages until slaughter at the age of 35 d. The characteristics of the carcass and internal organs of 30 ducks with the highest RFI (HRFI) and the lowest RFI (LRFI) were respectively determined. RFI, the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and average day feed intake (ADFI) were significantly lower in the LRFI group than the HRFI group (P < 0.001), while there were no significant differences in marketing BW or BW gain (BWG) (P > 0.05). The thigh muscle and lean meat yields were higher, and the abdominal fat content was lower (P < 0.001) in the LRFI group, while there were no significant differences in other carcass traits between the groups (P > 0.05). The liver and gizzard yields were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the LRFI group, while there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in intestinal length between the groups. RFI was highly positively correlate with FCR and ADFI (P < 0.01), but negatively correlated the yields of thigh muscle, lean meat, liver, and gizzard, and positively correlated with abdominal fat content. These results indicate that selection for low RFI could improve the FE of fast-growing meat ducks without affecting the marketing BW and BWG, while increasing yields of thigh muscle and lean meat and reducing abdominal fat content. These findings offer useful insights into the biological processes that influence FE of fast-growing meat ducks.

Beak and feather disease virus is a member of the family Circoviridae, and among birds, parrots are susceptible hosts. This study reported the global molecular prevalence and risk factors of BFDV infection in parrot species. Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WanFang databases. We retrieved 30 studies encompassing 16,901 parrots from 30 species across six continents and 34 countries, all published between 2003 and 2024. The results showed that the global molecular prevalence of BFDV, based on eligible areas, was 16.30% (95% CI, 11.40–22.00%) using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis showed that there were significant differences among genera, with Agapornis having the highest prevalence of 26.60% (95% CI, 9.80–46.50%). There were significant differences in prevalence rates among the four sampling methods (p < 0.01) (blood, cloacal swabs, feather, and fecal). Blood samples exhibited the lowest prevalence at 11.2% (95% CI: 4.4–20.7%), suggesting that BFDV prevalence may be underestimated if only blood tests are used. In regions with distinct seasonal variation, the prevalence of BFDV (3.80%, 95% CI: 0.10–11.10%) was notably lower in summer, but higher in spring and autumn. Age subgroup prevalence varied significantly, with young birds having the highest prevalence at 22.5% (95% CI, 8.8–39.6%). No significant differences in the prevalence of BFDV were observed based on sex or sampling time. This study indicated that the global molecular prevalence of BFDV infection has increased in recent years, and that species, season, sampling methods and age are the main risk factors. By monitoring BFDV prevalence, identifying high-risk species, and elucidating key risk factors, we can develop targeted management strategies to mitigate viral transmission.

This study aimed to analyze the testicular metabolic mechanisms associated with the sperm quality of drakes from proteomic and metabolomic perspectives. Testicular tissues were collected from 12 drakes (six with significantly high and six with significantly low sperm quality) to evaluate sperm quality parameters. Ultra-deep quantitative proteomics and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were employed to analyze differences in testicular proteomics and metabolites between groups. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and metabolites (DEMPs) in testicular tissues was performed to identify key pathways associated with sperm quality. In total, 153 DEPs (65 upregulated, 88 downregulated) and 98 DEMPs (15 upregulated, 83 downregulated) were identified in the testes of drakes with varying sperm quality. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DEPs and DEMPs were mainly involved in the key biological processes and pathways of oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid degradation, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and purine metabolism. Notably, downregulated carnitines highlighted lipid metabolic balance and fatty acid-derived energy as critical for sperm motility, while differential expression of oxidative phosphorylation core proteins (e.g., ATP6V0C, SDHD) confirmed efficient ATP production as pivotal for sperm function. Purine metabolism and related metabolites further linked metabolic homeostasis to potential energy dysfunction or DNA damage. These findings fill gaps in avian sperm research and identify candidate targets (proteins, metabolites, and pathways) for genetic breeding to enhance avian male fertility and optimize poultry breeding programs.