Research examining the prevalence, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in shift workers show mixed results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare PA and SB in shift workers with non-shift workers following the PRISMA guidelines. Ebscohost megafile ultimate (CINHAL, E-journals, Academic search ultimate, health source consumer edition, SPORT Discus), PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases were searched up to April 2021. Cross-sectional and baseline data from longitudinal studies reporting PA and SB in full time workers were eligible. Data on participants characteristics and time spent in PA and SB and/or prevalence of workers meeting PA guidelines were extracted and pooled with random effects model. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) 10-item checklist was adapted and used. A total of 49 studies met inclusion criteria and 21 studies included for meta-analysis. The prevalence of meeting physical activity guidelines (OR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.03) and standardized mean difference (SMD) of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (SMD −0.1, 95% CI: −0.4, 0.20) were similar in shift and non-shift workers. Time spent in sedentary behaviour was lower in shift workers than non-shift workers (SMD −0.2, 95% CI: 0.50, −0.001). While the differences in PA are not so evident between shift and non-shift workers, the prevalence of sufficient PA was low in both groups. These preliminary findings provide support for inclusion of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in health promotion interventions targeted at shift workers.

Existing study examining the validity and reliability of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for adolescents (PAQ-A) in Indonesian youth did not explain whether it conducted cross-cultural adaptation to the questionnaire or not, and the authors did not publish the Indonesian version of the questionnaire. None of the previous studies investigated the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of PAQ-C. This study aimed to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation of PAQ-A and PAQ-C into the Indonesian language (Bahasa Indonesia) and to check its validity and reliability. This research employed a cross-sectional design. Two groups were recruited: grade 5 students (n=58, 10-12 years old) and grade 7 students (n=61, 13-15 years old). The concurrent validity was verified against the Indonesia Physical Fitness Test (IPFT). We also investigated the item validity and inter-item correlations. The reliability was tested by using the Cronbach Alpha technique. Results showed that the concurrent validity of the Indonesian version of PAQ-A and PAQ-C against IPFT are low (rho= 0.224 and rho= 0.165, consecutively) (p>0.05). The item validity of the Indonesian version of PAQ-A ranged between 0.338 and 0.737; while for PAQ-C ranged between 0.329 – 0.818. Inter-item correlation for PAQ-A and PAQ-C ranged from -0.019 to 0.569 and 0.000 to 0.704, respectively. The reliability of the Indonesian version of PAQ-A and PAQ-C is acceptable (α = 0.740 and α = 0.705 – 0.712, consecutively). In conclusion, we found that the item validity of PAQ-A and PAQ-C were at a moderate level. The validity of the PAQ-A and PAQ-C were lower when they were checked against a physical fitness test, comparable to previous studies with device-based measurements. The Indonesian version of PAQ-A and PAQ-C have a moderate level of reliability. Our results suggest that the use of the questionnaires will be better complemented by other device-based measurements, such as accelerometers or pedometers.

Workplace health promotion programs (WHPPs) can improve shift workers’ physical activity. The purpose of this paper is to present the process evaluation of a text messaging health promotion intervention for mining shift workers during a 24-day shift cycle. Data collected from intervention participants with a logbook (n = 25) throughout the intervention, exit interviews (n = 7) and online surveys (n = 17) examined the WHPP using the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) framework. The program reached 66% of workers across three departments, with 15% of participants dropping out. The program showed the potential to be adopted if the recruitment strategies are improved to reach more employees, especially when involving work managers for recruitment. A few changes were made to the program, and participant adherence was high. Facilitators to adopt and implement the health promotion program included the use of text messaging to improve physical activity, feedback on behaviour, and providing incentives. Work-related fatigue was reported as a barrier to implementing the program. Participants reported that they would recommend the program to other workers and use the Mi fitness band to continue monitoring and improving their health behaviour. This study showed that shift workers were optimistic about health promotion. Allowing for long-term evaluation and involving the company management to determine scale-up should be considered for future programs.