Neonatal jaundice is a very common disease in newborns and can lead to brain damage or death in severe cases. Phototherapy with light‐emitting diode (LED) arrays is widely used as the easiest and fastest way to relieve jaundice in newborns, but it has distinct disadvantages such as loss of water in the patient, damage to the retina, and separation from parents. In this paper, a novel light source‐based phototherapy for neonatal jaundice is proposed using a textile‐based wearable organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) platform that can move flexibly and conform to the curvature of the human body. The soft and flexible textile‐based blue OLED platform is designed to have a peak wavelength of 470 nm, suitable for jaundice treatment, and shows performance (>20 µW cm⁻² nm⁻¹) suitable for intensive jaundice treatment even at low voltage (<4.0 V). The textile‐based OLEDs fabricated in this study exhibit an operating reliability of over 100 h and low‐temperature operation (<35 °C). The results of an in vitro jaundice treatment test using a large‐area blue OLED confirm that the bilirubin level decreases to 12 mg dL⁻¹ with 3 h of OLED irradiation.

Kim SY, et al. J Korean Med Sci. 2012 May;27(5):532-536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2012.27.5.532

Background: The aims of this study were to observe the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization rate and to identify the risk factors for hospitalization for RSV infection among infants in Korea born at <35 weeks of gestational age and who had not previously received palivizumab. Methods: We conducted a study over a 2.5-year period (between April 2007 and September 2009) that included premature infants (<35 weeks of gestational age) who underwent follow-up during 1 year after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Demographic information was collected for each subject at baseline, and the reasons for hospitalization were obtained during the 1-year follow-up period. Results: The study population included 1022 subjects who completed follow-up interviews. Eight hundred seventeen infants were included in analysis for RSV hospitalization. Excluded from the study were 167 subjects with chronic lung disease who had received palivizumab prophylaxis and 38 subjects who were not tested for RSV. The overall incidence of RSV hospitalization in the group that did not receive palivizumab was 4.5% (37 of 817 patients). Independent risk factors associated with RSV hospitalization were multiple gestation (P = 0.022) and longer duration of mechanical ventilation in the neonatal intensive care unit (P = 0.039). Conclusion: This study showed the epidemiology and risk factors of RSV hospitalization in preterm infants in Korea. RSV infection was one of the main causes of hospitalization after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit in patients born at <35 weeks of gestational age.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with cerebral palsy have variable clinical presentations such as hemiplegic, diplegic, or quadriplegic patterns though they have PVL on conventional MR images. The authors investigated whether DTT can differentiate between hemiplegic and diplegic CP in patients presenting with symmetric PVL on conventional MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred thirteen consecutive pediatric patients with definite hemiplegic (59 patients; 30 boys, 29 girls; mean age, 34.19 months; range, 24–52 months) or diplegic (54 patients; 27 boys, 27 girls; mean age, 31.07 months; range, 24–48 months) symptoms and bilateral symmetric PVL on conventional brain MR imaging were recruited. The states of CSTs were examined by using DTT, and the asymmetries of right and left CSTs in the hemiplegic and diplegic groups were compared by using asymmetric anisotropy indexes and asymmetric mean diffusivity indexes. RESULTS: All patients in the hemiplegic group with asymmetric results exhibited disrupted integrities of more affected CSTs and sparing of less affected CSTs. However, diplegic patients revealed symmetric disrupted findings of the right and left CSTs at the upper periventricular level. Asymmetric anisotropy index and asymmetric mean diffusivity index values were significantly higher in the hemiplegic group than in the diplegic group (P < .05), and these results of DTT significantly corresponded with their typical clinical manifestation. CONCLUSIONS: DTT may be very useful for the detailed estimation of the CST state in patients with bilateral symmetric PVL.

Sustained inflation (SI) during chest compression (CC = CC+SI) has been recently shown as an alternative method during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in neonates. However, the optimal peak inflation pressure (PIP) of SI during CC+SI to improve ROSC and hemodynamic recovery is unknown. To examine if different PIPs of SI during CC+SI will improve ROSC and hemodynamic recovery in severely asphyxiated piglets. Twenty-nine newborn piglets (1–3 days old) were anesthetized, intubated, instrumented and exposed to 30-min normocapnic hypoxia followed by asphyxia. Piglets were randomized into four groups: CC+SI with a PIP of 10 cmH₂O (CC+SI_PIP_10, n = 8), a PIP of 20 cmH₂O (CC+SI_PIP_20, n = 8), a PIP of 30 cmH₂O (CC+SI_PIP_30, n = 8), and a sham-operated control group (n = 5). Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, carotid blood flow, cerebral oxygenation, and respiratory parameters were continuously recorded throughout the experiment. Baseline parameters were similar between all groups. There was no difference in asphyxiation (duration and degree) between intervention groups. PIP correlated positively with tidal volume (V_T) and inversely with exhaled CO₂ during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Time to ROSC and rate of ROSC were similar between piglets resuscitated with CC+SI_PIP_10, CC+SI_PIP_20, and CC+SI_PIP_30 cmH₂O: median (IQR) 75 (63–193) sec, 94 (78–210) sec, and 85 (70–90) sec; 5/8 (63%), 7/8 (88%), and 3/8 (38%) (p = 0.56 and p = 0.12, respectively). All piglets that achieved ROSC survived to four hours post-resuscitation. Piglets resuscitated with CC+SI_PIP_30 cmH₂O exhibited increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α in the frontoparietal cerebral cortex (both p<0.05 vs. sham-operated controls). In asphyxiated term newborn piglets resuscitated by CC+SI, the use of different PIPs resulted in similar time to ROSC, but PIP at 30 cmH₂O showed a larger V_T delivery, lower exhaled CO₂ and increased tissue inflammatory markers in the brain.

Bae EY, et al. J Korean Med Sci. 2020 Sep;35(39):e357. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e357