We investigated the immune response mechanisms under systemic and local inflammation using mouse models whereby lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered intraperitoneally to induce systemic inflammation, and epicutaneous sensitization with ovalbumin was used to induce local inflammation. LPS increased the immune cell infiltration in the cardiac muscle near the aorta, alveoli, hepatic sinusoid, renal interstitium, and the submucosal layer of the duodenum. Similarly, ovalbumin increased the abundance of macrophages in the skin. Both LPS and ovalbumin induced NF-κB p65 and IκBα phosphorylation, as well as the expression of NF-κB target genes (TLR4, IL6, and TNFα). Additionally, both LPS and ovalbumin led to an increase in the absolute IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα serum levels and cytokine-related janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. Moreover, the activated JAK2/STAT3 signaling increased the number of Ki67-positive cells (proliferating cells) and development pathway target gene expression (regeneration) in the inflammation models. In conclusion, LPS and ovalbumin increase immune cell infiltration in tissues, NF-κB activation, cytokine levels in serum, cytokine-stimulated JAK2/STAT3 signaling, and tissue regeneration.

Background: Bentonite, a montmorillonite clay, has been used as a classical remedy strategy for a long time. Recently, bentonite has been used as a raw material in cosmetic products because of its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. However, the therapeutic effect of bentonite on burn injuries has not yet been identified.Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of a novel bentonite complex, which was developed for medical use, on burn wounds and the anti‐inflammatory function of bentonite clay in the complex in vitro.Methods: A novel bentonite complex and bentonite clay were prepared for each in vivo and in vitro assay (C&L Biotech, Seoul, Korea). Burn wounds were induced on the dorsal skin of two Yucatan minipigs, and effects of tissue regeneration and anti‐inflammation were assessed by histological and gene expression analysis.Results: The bentonite complex improved skin regeneration in burn wounds by inducing collagen synthesis, cell proliferation and angiogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, expression of inflammatory cytokines was significantly inhibited by treatment of the bentonite complex. In vitro study for identification of anti‐inflammatory effect showed that bentonite clay significantly regulated COX‐2 signalling in both HacaT keratinocytes and 3D4/2 macrophage cell lines.Conclusions: This study identified the therapeutic effect of a novel bentonite complex in burn wounds by inducing skin regeneration and bentonite‐mediated anti‐inflammatory responses.

Hee Jung Kang , M.D., Ph.D., Juhye Roh , M.D., Ph.D., Haneulnari Lee , M.S., Eun Mi Park , M.S., Hye Won Lee , M.S., Ju Young Lee , Ph.D., Jeong Ho Hwang , D.V.M., Ph.D., Joohyun Shim , Ph.D., and Kimyung Choi , Ph.D.. Ann Lab Med -0001;0:. https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2024.0443

Kang JR, et al. J Vet Sci. 2026 ;27:e19. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.25260

Journal of Animal Science and Technology (JAST) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal publishing original research, review articles and notes in all fields of animal science. Topics covered by the journal include: genetics and breeding, physiology, nutrition of monogastric animals, nutrition of ruminants, animal products (milk, meat, eggs and their by-products) and their processing, grasslands and roughages, livestock environment, animal biotechnology, animal behavior and welfare.