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Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), as the strategic requirement effectively fits the top-level institution design of China's low-carbon energy transition, will help to promote China's energy structure optimization and power market reform. The success of its implementation depends on the scientific quasi-parameters design of the system. At present, China's tradeable green certificate (TGC) market is still in the voluntary trading stage. There are differences in natural attributes and transaction prices, resulting in the market segmentation and market distortion of the TGC market. Considering the non-neutral technology, this paper uses system dynamics to construct a long-term trading model under China's RPS, and analyzes the impact of relevant system quasi-parameters on the market trading process. The results show that:(1) The scientific quasi-parameters design of the RPS, such as technical conversion coefficient, TGC valid period, TGC benchmark price and RPS quota, will encourage and guide manufacturers to conduct TGC transactions, which will promote the development of renewable energy. (2) The introduction of the technical conversion coefficient can effectively promote TGC transactions, improve China's social welfare and optimize the power source structure. Therefore, the scientific design of the relevant quasi-parameters and strengthening of the supervision mechanism are conducive to implementing the RPS effectively in China.
Zhao Xin-Gang; Xu Lei; Zhou Ying. How to promote the effective implementation of China's Renewable Portfolio Standards considering non-neutral technology? Energy 2021, 121748 .
AMA StyleZhao Xin-Gang, Xu Lei, Zhou Ying. How to promote the effective implementation of China's Renewable Portfolio Standards considering non-neutral technology? Energy. 2021; ():121748.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao Xin-Gang; Xu Lei; Zhou Ying. 2021. "How to promote the effective implementation of China's Renewable Portfolio Standards considering non-neutral technology?" Energy , no. : 121748.
Tradable green certificate (TGC) scheme promotes the development of renewable energy industry which currently has a dual effect on economy and environment. TGC market efficiency is reflected in stimulating renewable energy investment, but may be reduced by the herding behavior of market players. This paper proposes and simulates an artificial TGC market model which contains heterogeneous agents, communication structure, and regulatory rules to explore the characteristics of herding behavior and its effects on market efficiency. The results show that the evolution of herding behavior reduces information asymmetry and improves market efficiency, especially when the borrowing is allowed. In addition, the fundamental strategy is diffused by herding evolution, but TGC market efficiency may be remarkably reduced by herding with borrowing mechanism. Moreover, the herding behavior may evolve to an equilibrium where the revenue of market players is comparable, thus the fairness in TGC market is improved.
Yi Zuo; Xingang Zhao. Effects of herding behavior of tradable green certificate market players on market efficiency: insights from heterogeneous agent model. Frontiers in Energy 2021, 1 -20.
AMA StyleYi Zuo, Xingang Zhao. Effects of herding behavior of tradable green certificate market players on market efficiency: insights from heterogeneous agent model. Frontiers in Energy. 2021; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Zuo; Xingang Zhao. 2021. "Effects of herding behavior of tradable green certificate market players on market efficiency: insights from heterogeneous agent model." Frontiers in Energy , no. : 1-20.
Government policies and investments in the photovoltaic power generation industry have contributed to the fast development of the photovoltaic power generation industry through technology push. But how does the research and development (R&D) investment affect the photovoltaic power generation industry, and what is its effect? This is a problem worthy of discussion. In order to answer this question scientifically, this paper constructs a system dynamics model to study the impact of R&D investment on China's photovoltaic power generation industry and analyzes the impact of other incentive policies such as Feed-in Tariff (FIT) on the photovoltaic industry. The results show that: firstly, R&D investment and FIT are conducive to the technological innovation of China's photovoltaic power generation industry. Secondly, a higher level of R&D investment can induce more cost reduction of photovoltaic power industry. Finally, the effect of FIT in promoting the growth of installed capacity of the photovoltaic power generation industry is more obvious.
Zhao Xin-Gang; Wang Wei; Wu Ling. A dynamic analysis of research and development incentive on China’s photovoltaic industry based on system dynamics model. Energy 2021, 233, 121141 .
AMA StyleZhao Xin-Gang, Wang Wei, Wu Ling. A dynamic analysis of research and development incentive on China’s photovoltaic industry based on system dynamics model. Energy. 2021; 233 ():121141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao Xin-Gang; Wang Wei; Wu Ling. 2021. "A dynamic analysis of research and development incentive on China’s photovoltaic industry based on system dynamics model." Energy 233, no. : 121141.
Developing countries are enthusiastically on the road to economic progress and economic openness, which is proved to be a silver bullet for them. However, it has put their environmental quality at stake. This study examines whether economic openness and electricity consumption matter for environmental deterioration by controlling for the influence of economic progress. For this, we have used time series frequency data of Pakistan from 1971 to 2016 and employed the state-of-the-art dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) simulation model. The model has the advantage over traditional ARDL in determining the positive and negative environmental deterioration variations induced by economic openness, electricity consumption, and economic progress. The main findings are as follows: Firstly, electricity consumption in both long and short run positively and significantly influenced CO2 emissions, while long-run influence exceeded that of short run. Secondly, economic progress validated an environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis and thus limited the environmental degradation. Thirdly, economic openness showed an insignificant influence on CO2 emissions both in the long and short run. Based on research findings, it is suggested that economic progress and economic openness are not the direct culprits to deteriorate a developing country’s environmental condition like Pakistan; rather, electricity consumption remained the key role player. Therefore, the transition from fossil-based electricity consumption to renewable energy consumption would provide a sustainable pathway towards achieving sustainable economic openness in the future.
Ali Jan; Zhao Xin-Gang; Munir Ahmad; Muhammad Irfan; Shahid Ali. Do economic openness and electricity consumption matter for environmental deterioration: silver bullet or a stake? Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -16.
AMA StyleAli Jan, Zhao Xin-Gang, Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Irfan, Shahid Ali. Do economic openness and electricity consumption matter for environmental deterioration: silver bullet or a stake? Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Jan; Zhao Xin-Gang; Munir Ahmad; Muhammad Irfan; Shahid Ali. 2021. "Do economic openness and electricity consumption matter for environmental deterioration: silver bullet or a stake?" Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-16.
With the decline in the intensity of subsidy policies, technological progress has become a critical factor in promoting the renewable energy industry's sustainable development. This paper estimates the direction and extent of biased technological progress in China's renewable energy industry from 2009 to 2018. On this basis, by constructing an accounting model for the growth rate of total factor productivity (TFP), this paper empirically analyzes the effects of different factors on TFP growth. The research results indicate that: (1) The TFP of China's renewable energy industry has dropped by 4.60% annually, and the growth of industrial output mainly relied on factor input rather than technological progress. (2) The technological progress and factor allocation of China's renewable energy industry generally show a bias towards the capital. At different stages of the industry's development, it presents different degrees of bias. (3) Technological progress is biased towards capital factor with a lower growth rate of factor efficiency, which hinders the growth of TFP in the renewable energy industry.
Wang Zhen; Zhao Xin-Gang; Zhou Ying. Biased technological progress and total factor productivity growth: From the perspective of China's renewable energy industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 146, 111136 .
AMA StyleWang Zhen, Zhao Xin-Gang, Zhou Ying. Biased technological progress and total factor productivity growth: From the perspective of China's renewable energy industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 146 ():111136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang Zhen; Zhao Xin-Gang; Zhou Ying. 2021. "Biased technological progress and total factor productivity growth: From the perspective of China's renewable energy industry." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 146, no. : 111136.
The switch of coal to gas in power generation enterprises is of great significance for tackling air pollution and mitigating climate change. Under China’s emissions trading system, power generation enterprises have incentives to switch to low-carbon clean power, and the cost-benefit of switching is the basis of their decision-making. To this end, this paper studied the impact of changes in carbon and fuel prices on switching prices. The results show that: (1) For per yuan increase in the amount of natural gas, coal, and carbon, the switching price increased 4.768, decreased 5.845 and decreased 0.9994 yuan, respectively. (2) The carbon price is relatively low, and the impact of it on switching price is small. (3) The fluctuation in the carbon price, coal price and the natural gas price has a hysteresis effect on switching price.
Zhao Xin-Gang; Zhang Wen-Bin; Wang Hui; Zhou Ying; Zhao Ying-Zhuo. The influence of carbon price on fuel conversion strategy of power generation enterprises——A perspective of Guangdong province. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 305, 126749 .
AMA StyleZhao Xin-Gang, Zhang Wen-Bin, Wang Hui, Zhou Ying, Zhao Ying-Zhuo. The influence of carbon price on fuel conversion strategy of power generation enterprises——A perspective of Guangdong province. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 305 ():126749.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao Xin-Gang; Zhang Wen-Bin; Wang Hui; Zhou Ying; Zhao Ying-Zhuo. 2021. "The influence of carbon price on fuel conversion strategy of power generation enterprises——A perspective of Guangdong province." Journal of Cleaner Production 305, no. : 126749.
Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) is an institutional change from Feed-in Tariff (FIT) to government policy and market mechanism. Is it conducive to improve China's social welfare? Given this problem, this paper constructs the social welfare function under the FIT policy and RPS system respectively based on consumer heterogeneity and simulates the social welfare of China under the two schemes on the basis of combining the real economic situation of China. The results show that: (1) Based on China's real economic situation, the implementation of RPS has achieved Pareto improvement and improves China's social welfare. (2) Under the RPS, compared with the actual situation of oligopoly in China's electricity market, competition can improve social welfare better. (3) The effective implementation of RPS depends on the quota level of the government's scientific design. As far as China's current real economic situation is concerned, when the quota is set in the interval (0,0.5], the social welfare under the RPS is always higher than that under the FIT. Therefore, to improve social welfare and promote low-carbon energy transition, China should effectively promote the implementation of RPS, a mandatory institutional change, and strengthen the system construction of RPS.
Zhou Ying; Zhao Xin-Gang; Jia Xue-Feng; Wang Zhen. Can the Renewable Portfolio Standards improve social welfare in China's electricity market?. Energy Policy 2021, 152, 112242 .
AMA StyleZhou Ying, Zhao Xin-Gang, Jia Xue-Feng, Wang Zhen. Can the Renewable Portfolio Standards improve social welfare in China's electricity market?. Energy Policy. 2021; 152 ():112242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou Ying; Zhao Xin-Gang; Jia Xue-Feng; Wang Zhen. 2021. "Can the Renewable Portfolio Standards improve social welfare in China's electricity market?." Energy Policy 152, no. : 112242.
This paper selected the relevant data of China’s thirty administrative regions from 2005 to 2016, and constructed a geographically and temporally weighted regression model of technological progress and energy intensity, to fully analyze the heterogeneous impact of technological progress on energy intensity. The results showed that: (1) The energy intensity of China’s different regions, in the long run, had an obvious spatial agglomeration effect and a significant positive correlation in spatial. (2) The spatial heterogeneity of the impact of technological progress on energy intensity changed smoothly and steadily in the temporal dimension, and the dominant factors affecting the energy intensity gradually shifted from foreign direct investment, opening-up degree, human capital to research and development funds from 2005 to 2016. (3) The temporal heterogeneity of the effect of technological progress on energy intensity varied greatly from different spatial dimensions, specifically, the influence of research and development funds on energy intensity was high in the western regions and low in the eastern regions, but that of the foreign direct investment was the opposite, the spatial distribution of the effects of opening-up degree, human capital on energy intensity was dispersed and had no obvious aggregation phenomenon.
Wang Hui; Zhao Xin-Gang; Ren Ling-Zhi; Fan Ji-Cheng; Lu Fan. The impact of technological progress on energy intensity in China (2005–2016): Evidence from a geographically and temporally weighted regression model. Energy 2021, 226, 120362 .
AMA StyleWang Hui, Zhao Xin-Gang, Ren Ling-Zhi, Fan Ji-Cheng, Lu Fan. The impact of technological progress on energy intensity in China (2005–2016): Evidence from a geographically and temporally weighted regression model. Energy. 2021; 226 ():120362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang Hui; Zhao Xin-Gang; Ren Ling-Zhi; Fan Ji-Cheng; Lu Fan. 2021. "The impact of technological progress on energy intensity in China (2005–2016): Evidence from a geographically and temporally weighted regression model." Energy 226, no. : 120362.
Carbon emission trading (CET) is an important mechanism for China to achieve carbon emission reduction targets and sustainable development. The success of its implementation depends on the scientific institutional supply design. At present, China is actively promoting the implementation of electricity marketization reform and Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), which would change the institutional environment for manufacturers’ decision-making and trading, thus impacting CET. Accordingly, this paper aims to establish an evaluation model using the system dynamics method to simulate and evaluate the impact of RPS on CET under the background of electricity marketization reform by designing and combining different policy scenarios. The results show that: (1) The impact of electricity marketization reform and RPS on carbon trading is mainly reflected in carbon emission rights’ demand, trading volume, trading price and power generation of manufacturers. (2) Under the situation of marketed electricity price and the absence of RPS, various indicators of the CET market are superior to other policy combinations. (3) Marketed electricity price can effectively stimulate manufacturers’ demand for carbon emission rights, increase trading volume, and have a positive impact on CET. However, the implementation of RPS weakens the demand for emission rights, reduces manufacturers’ power generation and profit, and harms CET.
Zhou Ying; Zhao Xin-Gang. The impact of Renewable Portfolio Standards on carbon emission trading under the background of China’s electricity marketization reform. Energy 2021, 226, 120322 .
AMA StyleZhou Ying, Zhao Xin-Gang. The impact of Renewable Portfolio Standards on carbon emission trading under the background of China’s electricity marketization reform. Energy. 2021; 226 ():120322.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou Ying; Zhao Xin-Gang. 2021. "The impact of Renewable Portfolio Standards on carbon emission trading under the background of China’s electricity marketization reform." Energy 226, no. : 120322.
Bilateral electricity trading is a general transaction mode in electricity market, market subjects’ trading strategies will influence social welfare of the market. This study aims to explore effective bargaining strategies promoting the realization of Nash bargaining solution in bilateral electricity trading. The non cooperative bargaining models with preferences in incomplete information and the fuzzy Bayesian learning are combined to optimize the trading strategies. The results show that: (1) the bargaining strategy considering the preferences of both parties to balance the utility maximization and the acceptance of offers is equal allocation of benefits, and it promotes the formation of equilibrium close to social welfare maximization; (2) fuzzy Bayesian learning can accelerate the bargaining process; (3) compared with simultaneous offers bargaining, in alternating offers bargaining, the convergence to equilibrium is faster and parties have first-mover advantage.
Zuo Yi; Zhao Xin-Gang; Zhang Yu-Zhuo. Bargaining strategies in bilateral electricity trading based on fuzzy Bayesian learning. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2021, 129, 106856 .
AMA StyleZuo Yi, Zhao Xin-Gang, Zhang Yu-Zhuo. Bargaining strategies in bilateral electricity trading based on fuzzy Bayesian learning. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2021; 129 ():106856.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZuo Yi; Zhao Xin-Gang; Zhang Yu-Zhuo. 2021. "Bargaining strategies in bilateral electricity trading based on fuzzy Bayesian learning." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 129, no. : 106856.
China has announced that the mandatory green certificate trading would be implemented in 2021. The mandatory green certificate trading not only fosters the liquidity of the green certificate market but also induces the possibility of market participants taking strategic behavior to gain more market returns. Generally, the self-interested strategic behavior was not conducive to improving market efficiency, thereby impeding the implementation of mandatory green certificate trading. To evaluate the influence of market participants’ strategic behavior on the green certificate trading, we embed the strategic behavior model into the artificial green certificate market to simulate the market participants’ strategic behavior in green certificate trading. The results indicate: (1) in green certificate market, the strength of the herd effect determines the average compliance costs level; (2) the value-trading strategy is the optimal strategy for renewable obligation subjects to reduce the compliance costs of mandatory green certificate trading; (3) market participants’ strategic behavior mainly affect the stability of green certificate price, and the greater the price fluctuation, the slower convergence speed to the equilibrium price.
Wang Hui; Zhao Xin-Gang; Ren Ling-Zhi; Lu Fan. An agent-based modeling approach for analyzing the influence of market participants’ strategic behavior on green certificate trading. Energy 2020, 218, 119463 .
AMA StyleWang Hui, Zhao Xin-Gang, Ren Ling-Zhi, Lu Fan. An agent-based modeling approach for analyzing the influence of market participants’ strategic behavior on green certificate trading. Energy. 2020; 218 ():119463.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang Hui; Zhao Xin-Gang; Ren Ling-Zhi; Lu Fan. 2020. "An agent-based modeling approach for analyzing the influence of market participants’ strategic behavior on green certificate trading." Energy 218, no. : 119463.
To promote energy production and consumption revolution, China introduced Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) in 2018. The investigation on power producers' behaviors and the evaluation of the effectiveness of RPS could lay the foundation for the design of RPS, and scientific institution design is the key to promote the development of renewable energy. In this paper, the evolution process of power producers' behaviors has been simulated based on subjective game model, and the performance of RPS has been evaluated based on power producers' shared mental model. The results show that: 1) After the implementation of RPS, the uncertainties of power producers' behaviors decrease gradually, and the game equilibrium has been established, broken, and then rebuilt. 2) When choosing a certain strategy could obtain higher payoff, power producers tend to choose this strategy more frequently in future games. 3) When the fine is two times the price of Tradable Green Certificate (TGC), it becomes the shared mental among power producers to trade TGCs, and RPS becomes effective.
Zhao Xin-Gang; Zhou Yu-Qiao. Analysis of the effectiveness of Renewable Portfolio Standards: A perspective of shared mental model. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 278, 124276 .
AMA StyleZhao Xin-Gang, Zhou Yu-Qiao. Analysis of the effectiveness of Renewable Portfolio Standards: A perspective of shared mental model. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 278 ():124276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao Xin-Gang; Zhou Yu-Qiao. 2020. "Analysis of the effectiveness of Renewable Portfolio Standards: A perspective of shared mental model." Journal of Cleaner Production 278, no. : 124276.
Energy efficiency improvement is one of the most effective means to achieve energy conservation. The success of energy conservation depends on scientific policy design. So what is the impact of existing policies on energy efficiency? What types of policy tools have the most significant impact on energy efficiency? In response to these problems, this paper took the energy conservation policies promulgated by the Chinese government over the years as samples. This paper used the ridge regression model to analyze policy inducement effect in energy efficiency based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and the policy text evaluation model. The results show that: (1) Energy conservation policies have a positive influence on improving energy efficiency. (2) Among the policy tools, economic incentive tools have the most significant influence on the increase in energy efficiency. Therefore, the government should emphasize the use of economic incentive policy tools and coordinate the relationship between various policy tools to achieve China’s stated energy conservation goals.
Zhao Xin-Gang; Meng Xin; Zhou Ying; Li Pei-Ling. Policy inducement effect in energy efficiency: An empirical analysis of China. Energy 2020, 211, 118726 .
AMA StyleZhao Xin-Gang, Meng Xin, Zhou Ying, Li Pei-Ling. Policy inducement effect in energy efficiency: An empirical analysis of China. Energy. 2020; 211 ():118726.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao Xin-Gang; Meng Xin; Zhou Ying; Li Pei-Ling. 2020. "Policy inducement effect in energy efficiency: An empirical analysis of China." Energy 211, no. : 118726.
China is in a critical period of market-oriented reform and energy transition. As a crucial means to regulate supply and demand under the market-oriented mechanism, the electricity price can promote the development of energy efficiency by optimizing resource allocation. With the gradual increase in electricity consumption, the influence of its price on energy consumption is also gradually enhanced. Therefore, this paper evaluated the process of electricity price marketization and conducted a spatial-temporal comparative analysis of the effect of electricity price on energy efficiency by controlling economic, policy, and other price factors. The results show that: (1) the marketization degree of China's electricity price has improved with steady steps; (2) market-oriented electricity price has a stable positive correlation with energy efficiency in both the short and long term; (3) marketization improves the promotion effect of electricity price on energy efficiency, and the influence of electricity price is more significant in the eastern region with a high degree of marketization and the subsequent stage; (4) the impact of market-oriented electricity price on energy efficiency is asymmetric. The impulse response under positive and negative shock is opposite, and under the positive shock, the response time is longer, and the degree is greater.
Zhao Xin-Gang; Hu Shu-Ran. Does market-based electricity price affect China's energy efficiency? Energy Economics 2020, 91, 104909 .
AMA StyleZhao Xin-Gang, Hu Shu-Ran. Does market-based electricity price affect China's energy efficiency? Energy Economics. 2020; 91 ():104909.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao Xin-Gang; Hu Shu-Ran. 2020. "Does market-based electricity price affect China's energy efficiency?" Energy Economics 91, no. : 104909.
China's electricity market reform poses an urgent demand for grid parity of renewable energy (RE), however, the high initial investment cost makes it difficult to achieve. Although feed-in tariff (FIT) and renewable portfolio standards (RPS) schemes are both practical policy tools to support the development of the RE industry, which policy is more consistent with the goal of grid parity? Accordingly, based on the system dynamic model, this research studies the levelized cost of RE (LCOE) under FIT and RPS, respectively. The results show that: First, under the current FIT scheme, wind (onshore) and photovoltaic (PV) power both cannot achieve grid parity. To realize it, extra payouts in four categories of areas should at least be 0.236, 0.244, 0.299 and 0.261 CNY/kWh. Similarly, additional subsidies for PV in Tibet and the northwest region except Tibet need to be 0.924 and 0.764 CNY/kWh. Second, under the RPS, wind (onshore) power can basically achieve grid parity, but PV cannot. Subsidies for PV need at least to be 0.525 and 0.364 CNY/kWh to achieve grid parity. Therefore, compared with the current FIT in China, the policy combination of FIT and RPS adjusted to local conditions is more conducive to realizing grid parity.
Zhao Xin-Gang; Li Pei-Ling; Zhou Ying. Which policy can promote renewable energy to achieve grid parity? Feed-in tariff vs. renewable portfolio standards. Renewable Energy 2020, 162, 322 -333.
AMA StyleZhao Xin-Gang, Li Pei-Ling, Zhou Ying. Which policy can promote renewable energy to achieve grid parity? Feed-in tariff vs. renewable portfolio standards. Renewable Energy. 2020; 162 ():322-333.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao Xin-Gang; Li Pei-Ling; Zhou Ying. 2020. "Which policy can promote renewable energy to achieve grid parity? Feed-in tariff vs. renewable portfolio standards." Renewable Energy 162, no. : 322-333.
Reasonable design of the tradable green certificate (TGC) system quasi-parameters (benchmark price and technical conversion coefficient) can effectively induce the mutually beneficial cooperation of the TGC market players. However, almost no literature quantitatively estimates the quasi-parameters of TGC system. This paper uses the cooperative game theory to construct the TGC bilateral trade model between renewable energy power generators and distribution power suppliers, and then quantitatively calculates the quasi-parameters of TGC system for social welfare maximization. The results show that: (1) The constructed TGC bilateral trading model guides the mutually beneficial cooperation among market players effectively by realizing benefit expansion and redistribution; (2) The TGC benchmark price and the conversion coefficients can be quantitatively calculated based on the Nash bargaining model. Taking China for example, the benchmark price is 333 yuan/MWh, and the technical conversion coefficients of hydropower, wind power and photovoltaic power are 1, 1.2, and 1.5, respectively.
Zuo Yi; Zhao Xin-Gang; Meng Xin; Zhang Yu-Zhuo. Research on tradable green certificate benchmark price and technical conversion coefficient: Bargaining-based cooperative trading. Energy 2020, 208, 118376 .
AMA StyleZuo Yi, Zhao Xin-Gang, Meng Xin, Zhang Yu-Zhuo. Research on tradable green certificate benchmark price and technical conversion coefficient: Bargaining-based cooperative trading. Energy. 2020; 208 ():118376.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZuo Yi; Zhao Xin-Gang; Meng Xin; Zhang Yu-Zhuo. 2020. "Research on tradable green certificate benchmark price and technical conversion coefficient: Bargaining-based cooperative trading." Energy 208, no. : 118376.
At present, China’s PV industry is experiencing a policy-driven to market-driven transition. Whether the endogenous driving force for China’s PV industry output growth has been changed is a question of substantial concern? To scientifically answer the question of the endogenous driving force of the output growth of China’s PV industry, we empirically analyse the driving force of China’s PV industry output growth by constructing an expanded Cobb-Douglas technology production function. The results demonstrate that the output elasticity of research and development (R&D) is between 0.13 and 0.18, which is higher than the level of 0.1 in traditional Chinese manufacturing. Compared with traditional industries, PV industries are more capable of translating their R&D inputs into output revenue; The contribution rate of R&D input to output growth exceeds physical capital and labour factors, indicating that the endogenous driving force of China’s PV industry output growth has changed from factor-driven to technological innovation-driven.
Zhao Xin-Gang; Wang Wei. Driving force for China’s photovoltaic industry output growth: Factor-driven or technological innovation-driven? Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 274, 122848 .
AMA StyleZhao Xin-Gang, Wang Wei. Driving force for China’s photovoltaic industry output growth: Factor-driven or technological innovation-driven? Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 274 ():122848.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao Xin-Gang; Wang Wei. 2020. "Driving force for China’s photovoltaic industry output growth: Factor-driven or technological innovation-driven?" Journal of Cleaner Production 274, no. : 122848.
Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) is a mandatory institutional change to realize the low-carbon transformation of energy in China. The success of its implementation depends on the scientific system design. Based on the current situation of the green certificate transaction with the severe shortage of tradable green certificate (TGC) subscription on the demand side of RPS in China and the actual economic situation of the electricity market reform, this paper uses system dynamics to build the market transaction models of benchmark on-grid price and marketed on-grid price respectively, and analyze the incentive effect of the relevant system design of RPS on the demand side of TGC. The results show that: (1) Implementing the marketed on-grid price can effectively stimulate and induce coal power plants to conduct green certificate trading. Compared with benchmark on-grid price, under marketed on-grid price, coal power plants have higher demand for TGC, higher revenue and profit, and better incentive effect. (2)Setting a scientific and reasonable price cap of TGC can effectively stimulate coal power plants to increase the consumption demand of TGC. Therefore, scientific design of the demand-side incentive system of RPS and strengthening of the power market reform will help China to implement the RPS and promote the consumption and utilization of renewable energy.
Zhou Ying; Zhao Xin-Gang; Wang Zhen. Demand side incentive under renewable portfolio standards: A system dynamics analysis. Energy Policy 2020, 144, 111652 .
AMA StyleZhou Ying, Zhao Xin-Gang, Wang Zhen. Demand side incentive under renewable portfolio standards: A system dynamics analysis. Energy Policy. 2020; 144 ():111652.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou Ying; Zhao Xin-Gang; Wang Zhen. 2020. "Demand side incentive under renewable portfolio standards: A system dynamics analysis." Energy Policy 144, no. : 111652.
Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) and carbon tax policy, as efficient regulatory policy tools for realizing energy low-carbon transformation, can they achieve incentive regulation for power producers based on the decisive role of “visible hands” and “invisible hands” in the utilization and allocation of resources. It will become the critical scientific issue of China's power market reform. This paper constructs an equilibrium model of power market under the overlapping regulation of carbon tax policy and RPS, studies the influence of RPS and carbon tax policy on the power market, and analyzes whether they can help motivate green power producers to reduce production costs. The results show that the overlapping regulation can help to increase the proportion of renewable energy generation production in the power market and optimize the power supply structure. Still, it is difficult to form effective incentive regulation for power producers. On the premise of meeting the quota, the green power producers can increase the feed-in tariffs and achieve higher profits by colluding to realize cost padding. Therefore, the realization of incentive regulation is conducive to weaken information asymmetry to achieve the scientific regulation of power producers and effectively promote the process of China's power market reform.
Zhao Xin-Gang; Wu Ling; Zhou Ying. How to achieve incentive regulation under renewable portfolio standards and carbon tax policy? A China's power market perspective. Energy Policy 2020, 143, 111576 .
AMA StyleZhao Xin-Gang, Wu Ling, Zhou Ying. How to achieve incentive regulation under renewable portfolio standards and carbon tax policy? A China's power market perspective. Energy Policy. 2020; 143 ():111576.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao Xin-Gang; Wu Ling; Zhou Ying. 2020. "How to achieve incentive regulation under renewable portfolio standards and carbon tax policy? A China's power market perspective." Energy Policy 143, no. : 111576.
Consumption of traditional fossil energy has promoted rapid economic development and caused effects such as climate warming and environmental degradation. In order to solve the problem of environmental economic dispatch (EED), this paper proposes a DE-CQPSO (Differential Evolution-Crossover Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm based on the fast convergence of differential evolution algorithms and the particle diversity of crossover operators of genetic algorithms. In order to obtain better optimization results, a parameter adaptive control method is used to update the crossover probability. And the problem of multi-objective optimization is solved by introducing a penalty factor. The experimental results show that: the evaluation index and convergence speed of the DE-CQPSO algorithm are better than QPSO (Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization) and other algorithms, whether it is single-objective optimization of fuel cost and emissions or multi-objective optimization considering both optimization objectives. A good compromise value is verified, which verifies the effectiveness and robustness of the DE-CQPSO algorithm in solving environmental economic dispatch problems. The study provides a new research direction for solving environmental economic dispatch problems. At the same time, it provides a reference for the reasonable output of the unit to a certain extent.
Zhao Xin-Gang; Liang Ji; Meng Jin; Zhou Ying. An improved quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm for environmental economic dispatch. Expert Systems with Applications 2020, 152, 113370 .
AMA StyleZhao Xin-Gang, Liang Ji, Meng Jin, Zhou Ying. An improved quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm for environmental economic dispatch. Expert Systems with Applications. 2020; 152 ():113370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao Xin-Gang; Liang Ji; Meng Jin; Zhou Ying. 2020. "An improved quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm for environmental economic dispatch." Expert Systems with Applications 152, no. : 113370.