The deliberately origin mislabeling of sweet cherry causes significantly disruptions to market integrity and consumers' trust. In this study, 153 cherry samples from five provinces in China and the corresponding irrigation water and soil samples were collected. 5 stable isotope ratios (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ²H, δ¹⁸O, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) and 8 multi-element contents (Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Se) of cherry were determined by EA-IRMS and ICP-MS to study isotopic fractionation and elemental enrichment mechanisms for origin traceability. The results show the δ²H and δ¹⁸O of cherry exhibit a strong correlated with its irrigation water (r² > 0.85), while δ¹⁵N, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, Fe, Zn and Se contents are related to its cultivated soil (r² > 0.75), and the δ¹³C is related to the local microclimate. ANOVA reveals that the regional differences of δ¹³C, δ²H, δ¹⁸O, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr as well as Na, Mg, Ca contents of cherry are significant (P < 0.05), and are important geographical indicators. Various multivariate modeling methods, HCA, PLS-DA, and LDA, were employed with the overall accuracy exceeding 90%. This strategy provides an effective mean to verify the label authenticity of cherry origin in Chinese market.

The mislabeling of kiwifruit origin frequently disturbs market competition and governmental supervision, significantly undermines brand reputation and consumer rights. In this work, a total of 370 kiwifruits from 8 different countries in global were collected, and 6 stable isotope ratios (SIRs), 10 mineral elements (MEs), and 16 rare earth elements (REEs) were determined for origin traceability study. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that regional differences of 32 variables are at significant level (P value =0.00). Supervised methods, partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and its derivative algorithm (OPLS-DA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), enhanced identification performance and finally elevated the accuracies to 100 % for all kiwifruit origins. Lu, Tb, Eu, Ho, Pm, Y, δ³⁴S, δ²H, δ¹⁵N, Mg, Se were main contributive variables for LDA modeling (AUC value >0.5). A blind test was conducted using 63 samples randomly selected from Chinese market. The predicted result indicated a significantly high probability of origin mislabeling of imported kiwifruit products, with percentages ranging from 30.0 % to 90.0 %. This study may provide technical supports for combating origin mislabeling conduct, and ensuring food authenticity of kiwifruit in global trade.

The present study aimed to investigate the variations in the nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity, and metabolite profile of lilies subjected to different drying treatments, including vacuum freeze drying (VFD), hot air drying (HAD), vacuum drying (VD), and infrared drying (ID). The results show that VFD provided better preservation of the original coloration and displayed the highest levels of total amino acid content, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and polysaccharide and alkaloid content. Our results reveal that VFD treatment can be employed to obtain high-quality lilies with desirable appearance characteristics and nutrient compositions. Metabolomics analysis identified a total of 464 metabolites from various dried lilies. Differential metabolite screening found 150 differential metabolites across all pairwise comparisons. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) indicated that lilies subjected to VFD treatment exhibited a higher abundance of steroids, saponin, flavonoids, and phenolic glycoside, whereas those subjected to HAD, VD, or ID treatments showed relatively elevated levels of specific amino acids or derivatives. This study elucidates the significant impact of various drying treatments on the quality and metabolic profile of lilies, thereby providing valuable insights for enhancing the nutritional quality of processed lilies.

Mycotoxin risks in grape and its products (wine, raisin) are widely concerned food safety issues, it closely associated with consumers’ health. In this study, an analytical strategy by combining second-order calibration method with excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence detection followed photo derivatization (PD) was explored for rapid and sensitive analysis of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA) in grape, raisin and wine. Except simple solvent extraction by ethyl acetate and concentration by vacuum distillation, samples don’t need other complicated treatment steps any more. With the aid of predominant second-order advantages of alternative trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm, ‘pure’ spectra and quantitative signals of targeted mycotoxins can be resolved from the heavily interfered EEM profile of sample even in the presence of spectral overlaps and unknown backgrounds. The recoveries of AFB₁, OTA and ZEA in four kinds of samples are in the range of 90–110%, the limits of detection (LODs) were low to 0.1 µg kg^− 1, 0.5 µg kg^− 1 and 0.8 µg kg^− 1, respectively. This analytical strategy may be as an alternative method for improving mycotoxin analysis in complex food matrices and ensuring food safety in grape industry.