IoT is a communal association of things or equipment that can interact with each other with the help of an internet connection. IoT services play an imperative responsibility in the industry of agriculture, which can feed 10 billion people worldwide by 2050. Irrigation systems are a backbone of agriculture that help to reduce wastage of water and decide the effective usage of water according to the specific crop and thereby increase the crop yield. In this paper, an irrigation system is developed to supervise the paddy crop field using sensors (soil moisture sensor, pH sensor, and flow sensor), and this irrigation system works based on the concept of IoT, so it is known as intelligent irrigation system (IIS). The soil condition data from sensors are sent to a web server database using wireless transmission to decide how much water needed. In the proposed server database, the data is saved, and the authors use the concept of a dashboard; it operates via http protocol to control water pump of farmland. The condition of soil is monitored based on the parameter of soil-like moisture and water flow amount using the IoT, which is capable to turn on/off water pumps. The used dashboard is developed using open source free server, namely “000webhost.” This paper has considered the paddy crop that is rice because water is essential for growth and development of rice plants. The experimental results show this system is more proficient than the existing conventional and unadventurous irrigation approach.

The energy which is obtained from the sun in the form of light and heat is known as solar energy. Nowadays, technology is focused on utilization of this rich resource of energy. So many ways to harness and utilize this source of energy have already been introduced; solar drying of crops is one of its applications. Drying of crops is required to improve the quality of the crops as well as to protect crops from so many unwanted issues like moisture, pest/insect attacks, and birds/animals. Traditional methods are still used to dry the crops; drying of crops is required to preserving food product for long time. In this paper, we studied about the working mechanism of indirect solar dryers and introduced IoT-based system to control and monitor the temperature of the solar dryer as per the requirement of specific crop. To achieve the automation accurately and precisely deep learning method is also used to set the required temperature according to the requirement of the specific crop.

In the recent existence, one of the best and familiar technologies scaling innovative heights and making a standard scale is the Internet of Things (IoT). It is definitely the opportunity of digital communication that has altered things of authentic humanity into smarter electronic devices. In India, regrettably, farmers still use conventional techniques of agricultural supervision leading to inputs wastages and near to the ground production due imprecise types and amount of water functional to the field which depends upon soil investigation and plant capitulate. Irrigation processes are as old as humans because agriculture is the most advanced occupation of civilian humanity and need to change irrigation technology. The main target of this paper is to overcome the previously mentioned tribulations by planning a automated water system structure grounded on the idea of IoT and to provide a smart and sustainable solution to a farmer for maintaining their crop health besides yield. We have considered the grain crop that is rice because water is essential for the growth and development of rice plants. Development of the concept of IoT with sensor technology and the solar system is an innovative and future trend in the agriculture filed. Watering large areas of plants is a difficult task and needs an automatic system to reduce human effort. In order to overcome this problem, many irrigation planning methods have been developed based on soil, crop and weather monitoring. Irrigation planning depends on how much water is used during irrigation. The water system control is the way toward altering the capability of Hydrogen (pH), temperature and moisture of the dirt soil. Smart and automated irrigation is a current farming procedure that has been broadly cultivated in created nations to assemble the difficulties of expanding demand of food supply. In this work, we use the concept of a dashboard, it operates via http protocol and by using this concept we can turn on/off water pump of farmland.

Post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetables, largely due to their high moisture content, pose a significant challenge in agriculture. Traditional drying methods, such as direct sun exposure, often result in contamination, quality degradation, and inefficient drying. This study presents the design and development of a smart IoT-enabled indirect solar dryer that not only automates the drying process but also introduces a crop-specific control system, allowing users to input precise temperature settings based on the type of crop. This capability ensures optimal drying conditions tailored to individual produce, enhancing nutritional preservation and reducing over-drying risks. The system integrates real-time cloud-based monitoring via IoT, enabling remote supervision and data analytics for temperature and airflow control. Experimental results demonstrate the system’s effectiveness, achieving an average airflow of 3.0 m/s, an average solar collector temperature of 57 °C, and a stable 45 °C in the drying chamber. Compared to traditional dryers, this setup significantly reduces drying time, minimizes contamination risks, and offers higher precision and flexibility. These advancements contribute to improved scalability, sustainability, and usability in post-harvest management, especially for small and medium-scale farmers.