The common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), is a notorious and damaging insect pest of horticultural crops in China, the management of which largely relies on chemical agents that are limited by the development of chemical resistance in target populations. As such, resistance monitoring of S. litura populations is a necessary part of management strategies of insecticide resistance. In the current work, we monitored resistance to six insecticides in field-collected populations of S. litura sampled from eleven provinces across China in 2021. The results show that S. litura populations developed significant resistance against chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, metaflumizone, and pyridalyl and low levels of resistance to chromafenozide. However, S. litura populations were susceptible or exhibited minimal resistance to tetraniliprole. Possible cross-resistances between chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, metaflumizone, pyridalyl, and chromafenozide were found by pairwise correlation, which also revealed that tetraniliprole lacked cross-resistance with all insecticides tested. Our results suggest suspending the use of chemical agents against which S. litura displayed significant field-evolved resistance, such as chlorantraniliprole, metaflumizone, and pyridalyl, in favor of pesticides against which S. litura was susceptible or exhibited minimal resistance, such as tetraniliprole and chromafenozide, which may help slow the development of insecticide resistance, and in which field management programs aimed at controlling S. litura in China would benefit from the integration of such survey-informed insecticide application strategies. Moreover, the baseline susceptibility confirmed for the six tested insecticides can contribute to design strategies of resistance management for S. litura.