To evaluate association between overweight/obesity and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) types, SSB sugar, among children and adolescents. A total of 1,068 children and 751 adolescents were identified from a provincial survey conducted in Shandong, China. χ² tests, logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), mediation analysis, pathway analysis, and ordinary least square (OLS) regression were applied to test association among overweight/obesity, SSB sugar, SSB types, and a set of factors. The mean daily SSB intake for children and adolescents was 210.7 and 208 ml, respectively. The threshold of SSB sugar consumption causing overweight/obesity was around 25 g/day and verified by RCS based on logistic regression. Approximately, 44.8% of the study subjects consumed more than 25 g/day of SSB sugar. SSB sugar intake above 25 g/day resulted in higher risk of overweight/obesity (OR = 1.391, 95% CI, 1.115–1.734). The effects of all types of SSBs on overweight/obesity were fully mediated by SSB sugar (p < 0.05), except for milk. Consumption of any types of SSBs had a positive impact on SSB sugar intake in both children and adolescents. Any type of SSB intake was a risk factor in excessive intake of SSB sugar (OR > 1, p < 0.05). In particular, milk powder, tea, and tea-flavored drinks, and carbonated have greater ORs for excessive intake of SSB sugar (OR = 76.08, 8.879, 4.355, p < 0.05, respectively). It was found that the effect of SSB on overweight/obesity was mediated by the intake of SSB sugar, and the effects of various SSBs were different according to multiple linear regression and pathway analysis (p < 0.05, respectively).

This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between serum ferritin and blood lipids and the influence of diabetes and different hs-CRP levels. A total of 8163 subjects were analyzed. Participators were classified according to serum ferritin, diabetes, and two hs-CRP levels. Blood lipids were determined using standardized methods and conditions. Except for HDL-C, there was a significant increase in blood lipids in the progressive ferritin group with normal hs-CRP levels (P<0.05). But HDL-C was just the opposite (P<0.0001). In nondiabetic patients, TG, TC, and LDL-C were significantly elevated in the progressive ferritin group (P<0.05). And, HDL-C was just the opposite (P<0.05). The generalized linear model and the parsimonious model showed that serum TG was positively correlated with ferritin, and LDL-C was negatively correlated with ferritin (P<0.05). But the correlation between LDL-C and ferritin was broken (P>0.05). After a sufficient adjustment, there was a positive correlation between serum TG and ferritin and a negative correlation between LDL-C and ferritin. Nonetheless, a negative correlation between LDL-C and ferritin is influenced by diabetes frailly. And, there was no change of relationship between lipids and ferritin in different hs-CRP levels. We found a real relationship between ferritin and lipids after sufficient adjustment for confounders.

Insulin resistance, as a common metabolic disorder, may be caused by diet‑induced obesity. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of dioscin on regulating insulin resistance of adipose tissue induced by a high‑fat diet (HFD). An animal model was established successfully using C57BL/6J mice with high‑fat feeding, followed by treatment with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg dioscin through gavage for 18 weeks, and randomly divided into a control group, a HFD model group and a dioscin group treated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day dioscin for 12 weeks. Histopathological changes in adipose tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Biochemical parameters of the serum were also monitored, including glucose, insulin, total triglyceride, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‑IR) and adipose insulin resistance (Adipo‑IR) levels. Expression of the mRNA and associated proteins of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‑1)/phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathways were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. HOMA‑IR and Adipo‑IR values of mice fed with a HFD were significantly higher compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). However, dioscin administration significantly decreased HOMA‑IR and Adipo‑IR values in a dose‑dependent manner (P<0.05), suggesting the effects of dioscin on attenuating insulin resistance. RT‑qPCR results indicated that the associated genes of the IRS‑1/PI3K/Akt pathway were significantly downregulated by HFD compared with the control group (P<0.05), while dioscin significantly increased the expression of those genes compared with the control group (P<0.05). Similarly, the significant increase in phosphorylated (p‑)IRS‑1/IRS‑1 (P<0.05) and p‑Akt/Akt (P<0.05) values were substantially reversed by dioscin treatment. Dioscin pronouncedly mitigated insulin resistance in adipose tissues through the IRS‑1/PI3K/Akt pathway and has potential to be used as a novel therapeutic agent for the therapy of HFD‑induced insulin resistance in adipose tissue.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the dietary structure characteristics and the association between food intake and sarcopenia among older adults in China, based on the DBI-22 scoring criteria. This analysis was intended to provide guidance for improving dietary balances and nutritional management related to sarcopenia.Methods: A stratified random cluster sampling method was employed to select 1,478 elderly individuals aged 60 and above in Chinese. A questionnaire survey was conducted, which included the Sarcopenia-Five (SARF) scale and Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). The China Dietary Balance Index 2022 (DBI-22) was utilized to assess dietary quality. Generalize Linear Model (GLM) and logistic regression analysis were applied to examine dietary factors influencing sarcopenia.Results: The issue of dietary imbalance among the elderly was found to be severe, with 52.11% of participants exhibiting deficient intake, 46.54% displaying excessive intake, and 59.78% demonstrating overall dietary imbalance (moderate-to-high levels). Screening conducted using the SARF scale revealed a sarcopenia rate of 24.82%. Excessive intake of cereal was identified as a risk factor for sarcopenia (OR = 1.490, 95%CI: 1.149, 1.939; p = 0.003), whereas increased consumption of red meat and products, poultry and game was found to reduce this risk (OR = 0.560, 95%CI: 0.342, 0.886; p = 0.016).Conclusion: The dietary habits of older adults were problematic, with both insufficient and excessive food intake. Too much cereal posed a risk for sarcopenia, whereas more red meat and products, poultry and game served as a protective factor.

Background: Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the most common types of head and neck tumors. Suppressers of cytokine signalling (SOCS) family members are key regulators of cytokine homeostasis, they play important roles in the process of cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation and apoptosis, and participate in the occurrence and development of tumor. The abnormal activation of NF-kappa B is an important feature of the tumor. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among SOCS, NF-kappa B p65 and hypopharyngeal carcinoma development. C Methods: We included 72 hypopharyngeal cancer patients and 9 swallow cyst patients. The patients were recruited at The Second Hospital of Shandong University (Jinan, China) between 2014 and 2016. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SOCS-1, SOCS-3 and NF-kappa B p65 in hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissues, para-cancerous tissues and control tissues were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results: Hypopharyngeal carcinoma tissues had lower level expression of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 than pericarcinoma tissues, but there was no significant difference, while cancer tissues had significantly higher level expression of NF-kappa B p65 than that of pericarcinoma tissues (0.412 +/- 0.266, 0.281 +/- 0.231, t=2.969, P=0.004). The early stage patients had striking higher level expression of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 than that in advanced stages (F=16.202, P<0.001; F=52.295, P<0.001), while the expression of NF-kappa B p65 in early stages had lower level than that in advanced stages (F=3.383, P=0.04). Conclusion: SOCS-1, SOCS-3 may be protective factors while NF-kappa B p65 could be a harmful factor in hypopharyngeal carcinoma.