Progression of the vegetation period and change of year are associated with variations in general climatic parameters, such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, radiation, precipitation, wind speed and others. Only limited knowledge is available about the effects of these parameters on the characteristics of quality of fruits especially those with successive ripening such as goji berry. In our study, fruits of goji berry were characterised based on physico-chemical properties within four different harvest periods, in two consecutive years. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the pomological characteristics were superior at the beginning of the production season, while the phytochemical properties were better at the end. Fruit length, width and weight characteristics were noted to decrease from the first harvest to the last by 21%, 18% and 33%, respectively, while the total anthocyanin, phenol and antioxidant activity properties increased by 264%, 48% and 105%, respectively. There was a decrease in fruit weight, fruit length and fruit width up to 15.9%, 18.3% and 6%, respectively and were directly associated with yield due to sink competition among fruits. Providing high ripening index that ensures more acceptable fruits, with high soluble solid content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) seems to be a very important breeding objective to meet consumer demands thanks to superior organoleptic quality. According to correlations, the synthesis of phenolic compounds increased in parallel with SSC rise and TA, which improved pomological properties too. It is thought that the obtained results may indicate the cultural processes and evaluation methods to be used for the harvested fruits.

Early varieties with a short active vegetation period are not exposed to abiotic stress factors for instance drought, high temperature, etc., caused by global climate change, and biotic stress factors such as codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and apple scab (Venturia inequalis) that cause serious economic losses. Therefore, their places are extremely important regarding sustainable, economical and quality production. In this context, four early varieties of apple (‘Vista Bella’, ‘Summer Red’, ‘Williams Pride’ and ‘Jersey Mac’) grown in Eskisehir—Turkey where has continental climate were characterized in terms of horticultural characteristics. The difference observed in flowering and harvest times between years showed that average air temperatures are essential on phenological characteristics. Furthermore, high temperature accelerates development physiology of fruit. Major important characteristics, namely, fruit length, width, weight, soluble solid content, antioxidant activity, vitamin C and total phenolic content were found in the range of 39.19–50.88 mm, 51.48–60.81 mm, 80.59–86.16 g, 11.87–12.19%, 50.69–80.57%, 2.24–4.79 mg 100 mL⁻¹ and 259.23–871.42 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent) L⁻¹, respectively. ‘Summer Red’ and ‘Williams Pride’ varieties were found to be good in terms of pomological characteristics, while ‘Vista Bella’ came to the fore with its chemical properties. On the other hand, ‘Jersey Mac’ has shown superior performance in terms of both pomological and chemical characteristics. Pomological characteristics are affected more by ecological differences, while chemical characteristics vary according to the changes in the pomological properties. Pomological characteristics were found to have a significant positive correlation with each other but negatively correlated with chemical characteristics.

Ekolojiye uygun tür ve türlere ait çeşitlerin tespiti, üretimin, sürdürülebilir ve ekonomik olması bakımından son derece önemlidir. Bu bağlamda yürütülen çalışmada, Isparta ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilen üç farklı elma çeşidinin (‘Arapkızı’, ‘Fuji Kiku’ ve ‘Jonagold’), yöresel adaptasyonu ile ilgili sonuçlara yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışılan özellikler arasında, korelasyonlar hesaplanarak, bu özelliklerin birlikte ele alınma potansiyelleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Tam çiçeklenme, ilk olarak ‘Jonagold’ çeşidinde görülürken (17.04), hasadı en son yapılan ‘Fuji Kiku’ çeşidinin (22.09), aynı zamanda hasat olumuna ulaşmak için en uzun süreye (156 gün) ihtiyaç duyduğu da tespit edilmiştir. Ağaç başına en yüksek verim, 22.35 kg ağaç-1 ile ‘Arapkızı’ çeşidinden elde edilirken, ‘Jonagold’ 13.68 kg ağaç-1 ile bu özellik bakımından en düşük değerde bulunmuştur. Pomolojik özelliklerden meyve eni, boyu ve ağırlığı özellikleri en düşük ‘Fuji Kiku’, en yüksek ise ‘Jonagold’ çeşidinde ölçülmüş olup, sırası ile 66.44–73.17 mm, 55.52–63.34 mm ve 134.11–183.11 g aralıklarında tespit edilmiştir. Verim ile meyve boyu (-0.33) ve ağırlığı (-0.19) arasında negatif korelasyon tespit edilirken, belirtilen pomolojik özelliklerin, kabuk üst a değeri, titre edilebilir asit miktarı ve tam çiçeklenmeden hasada geçen süre özellikleri ile pozitif ilişki içerisinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, sık dikime en uygun çeşidin ‘Arapkızı’ olduğu, meyve boyutları, ağırlığı ve renk değerleri bakımından ise ‘Jonagold’ çeşidinin ön plana çıktığı söylenebilir.

It has become very important to offer species with high nutritional value as fresh or processed products for human consumption in their daily diet for balanced nutrition. In the scope of this study, 15 naturally grown European Cranberry bush (ECB) genotypes that naturally grown were characterized in terms of horticultural characteristics. Fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, the number of fruits per each cluster and cluster weight were determined within the ranges of 8.78–10.96 mm, 7.93–10.84 mm, 0.21–0.70 g, 31–121, and 7.70–66.67 g, respectively. Ranking of the average values of examined organic acids obtained from all genotypes found as; malic acid (11,419 mg L⁻¹) > citric acid (1926 mg L⁻¹) > ascorbic acid (581 mg L⁻¹) > oxalic acid (561 mg L⁻¹). Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were found at high levels in ECB with 2922–3475 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) L⁻¹ and 1463–3163 mg quercetin equivalents (QE) L⁻¹, respectively. While pomological characteristics were found to be highly positive correlated with each other, they were negatively correlated with chemical properties. Low pH was found to be an important parameter to obtain higher amounts of phytochemicals such as TPC, TFC, organic and phenolic acids correlated with strong antioxidant effects. The obtained results will be useful for both germplasm enrichment and cultivation.

Suitability of ecological factors is the most important factor affecting the productivity of agricultural activities. Sensitivity of the phytochemical characteristics that are direct the product quality to the changing environmental conditions is very high. In the present study, how climate change depending on the altitude change affects phytochemical properties in plum cultivars ?Friar? and ?Fortune? fruits which were harvested at two different altitudes (200 m and 800 m a.b.s.), during two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) was investigated. In addition, under environmental and genotype modeling, genetic parameters of the properties were determined. In line with the obtained results from the study, it was determined that the phytochemical characteristics varied parallel to the altitude change within the same latitude. Generally, amount of individual phenolic compounds and organic acids were increased with altitude increase while general phytochemical characteristics such as total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were decreased. Heritabilities of general characteristics were found lower, due to high difference between genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) than organic and phenolic acids. Ranking of organic acids in both altitudes was found as malic acid> acetic acid> oxalic acid> ascorbic acid in both cultivars. In terms of phenolic acids, a stable order could not be determined while chlorogenic acid has come to the front in both cultivars. Since cultivar/location interactions found significant according to bi-plot segregation, investigating the changes at genotype level would be more accurate.