To study the influence of impinging height H/D on the flow field characteristics of oblique submerged impinging jets, the numerical calculation of an oblique submerged impinging jet was carried out based on Wray–Agarwal (W–A) turbulence model. The jet flow field structure and pressure distribution under various impinging heights (1 ≤ H/D ≤ 8) when the impinging angle was θ = 45° were analyzed. The results show that with the increase in the impinging height, the diffusion degree of the jet gradually increased and the velocity decreased when the jet reached the impingement region, and the distance between the stagnation point (SP) and the geometric center (GC) gradually increased, the flow angle φ along the jet centerline remained constant in the free-jet region and rapidly decreased in the impingement region. The impingement plate pressure distribution at various heights was similar, and the impinging pressure concentration on the upstream side of the maximum pressure point was higher.

The impinging jet is a classical flow model with relatively simple geometric boundary conditions, and it is widely used in marine engineering. In recent years, scholars have conducted more and more fundamental studies on impact jets, but most of the classical turbulence models are used in numerical simulations, and the accuracy of their calculation results is still a problem in regions with large changes in velocity gradients such as the impact zone. In order to study the complex flow characteristics of the water flow under the condition of a submerged jet impacting a stationary wall, the Wray–Agarwal turbulence model was chosen for the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation study of the impacting jet. Continuous jets with different Reynolds numbers and different impact heights H/D were used to impact the stationary wall, and the results show that the jet flow structure depends on the impact height and is relatively independent of the Reynolds number. With the increase in the impact height, the diffusion of the jet reaching the impact area gradually increases, and its velocity gradually decreases. As the impact height increases, the maximum pressure coefficient decreases and the rate of decrease increases gradually, and the dimensionless pressure distribution is almost constant. In this paper, the flow field structure and pressure characteristics of a continuous submerged jet impacting a stationary wall are explored in depth, which is of great guidance to engineering practice.

The horizontal submerged jet (HSJ), as a special form of jet, is widely used in aerospace, food and drug, water engineering, and other industries. In order to further understand the mechanism of the HSJ, the Wray–Agarwal turbulence model was used to predict the HSJ with different incidence heights H/D and Reynolds number (Re) conditions in this paper. The results show that the jet horizontal height H/D has a large influence on the flow field structure. The unsteady flow within the flow field is dominated by vortexes. In addition, their distribution is relatively independent of H/D. Under different H/D conditions, the axial velocity distribution of the jet has very high similarity, all of them have an obvious velocity inflection point at x = 10D. When H/D is small, the wall attachment effect of the jet and the boundary layer effect generated at the bottom of the fluid domain have a certain role in maintaining the velocity of the jet near the wall, resulting in a significantly higher axial velocity than other H/D conditions, up to 1.29 times. In this paper, we thoroughly investigated the structure of the internal flow field and velocity distribution of the submerged horizontal jet. The results have a guiding significance for engineering practice and academic research.