The Basal area is situated in Upper Indus Basin of Pakistan dominated by intense thrust faulting alongwith the involvement of salt tectonics, which are responsible for the formation of structural traps in studyarea. Oil reserves in sedimentary rocks are the source of hydrocarbons for the energy and these reservesare trapped in a structure provided by tectonics. Integration of geological and geophysical tools providean insight to explore these reserves in the sub surface. Main focus of this research paper is to delineatea suitable structure favorable for hydrocarbon entrapment in the Basal area by integrating seismic andwell log data near Fateh Jhang, Attock district, Upper Indus basin, Pakistan. The Upper Indus basin liesin compressional tectonic regime exhibiting thrust faulting with inference of overprints oftranspressional strike-slip deformation. Basal oil field lies 77 km south-west of Islamabad with MainBoundary Thrust (MBT) in north, Khairi Murat thrust in south, Jhelum/Soan river in east and Indus riverin west. Seismic data interpretation has been performed on given seismic lines by marking faults andreservoir horizons of Chorgali and Lockhart formations using formation tops and making T-D charts viaanalysis of multiple velocity functions (MVF) of all seismic lines. Mapping of the reservoir formationshave confirmed the presence of fault-propagated anticlinal structure in study area. One main fault (throw~ 100-200 ms) and two back thrust faults EW-oriented with moderate dipping angles have been markedwith dips towards North and South respectively. Petrophysical analysis is done on the well Garhi X-01,Gamma Ray, Resistivity and Porosity tracks have confirmed the presence of hydrocarbon in LockhartFormation of Paleocene age. Three zones have been identified, out of which zone 2 is considered mostfavorable one due to less shale volume (Vsh), sufficient effective porosity and high hydrocarbonsaturation values.

Reservoirs are characterized by significant heterogeneity at numerous scales ranging from exploration to production and enhanced production scale. The variations of primary depositional facies could be identified using seismic and well log data as it controls the architecture of a reservoir. Seismic data helps in accurate reservoir characterization. The present research is based upon 2D seismic interpretation, attribute and petrophysical analysis of Ghauspur area, Central Indus Basin, Pakistan. Interpretation of seismic lines shows negative flower structure bounded by two normal faults dipping in the northwest (NW) to southeast (SE) direction. Attribute analysis improved geologic visualization and shows the presence of hydrocarbons at well Indus-1B because of low frequency and low amplitude values. Petrophysical characterization of Sui Main Limestone (SML) penetrated in Indus-1B and Badar South-01 wells was evaluated which proved it to be water-wet with no economic potential for hydrocarbons. On the basis of seismic data interpretation, attribute and petrophysical analyses, a new well location is proposed on the crustal part of the structure.

The Kamlial Formation of middle to late Miocene age is exposed in the hilly area of Karaat, district Karak, Pakistan. It mainly consist of sandstones with intercalations of shales. In order to observe different petrographic features, 16 samples were collected at an average interval of 5 m, from the sandstone unit of the formation. The studied samples mainly consist of quartz, feldspar and rock fragments with an average modal abundance of 45%, 9 % and 15 % respectively and variety of heavy and accessory minerals comprising of muscovite, biotite, garnet, epidote, monazite, tourmaline and zircon. Carbonate is the major cementing material in the studied samples of the Kamlial Formation. By plotting on the triangular diagram majority of the studied samples fall in the field of "feldspathic lithwacke". The high ratio of quartz to feldspar (Q/F=4.8) shows the mineralogical maturity, while, the abundance of matrix suggests that the sandstone is texturally immature even though it comprises of sub-rounded grains and is moderately to well-sorted. Non-undulose to weakly undulose monocrystalline quartz is in a higher proportion in the studied sections whereas the polycrystalline quartz is rare and much less abundant and predominantly consists of two to three sub-grains with straight to only slightly curved sub-grain boundaries. These characteristics of quartz indicates that the source rock is of igneous origin. The friable nature of the sandstone unit makes it a poor building stone but can be used in cement industry and other construction purposes. Kamlial Formation can host potential Uranium deposits because of its environment of deposition.