Urban sprawl and residential segregation in Western Suburb Area of Malang City, East Java, Indonesia

The reliance on native MODIS-16 PET potential evapotranspiration (PET) in scarce-data-driven areas is growing in support among ecohydrological studies, yet information about its performance is limited or unknown as validation studies are mostly concentrated in developed countries. This study aimed to assess its performance at the monthly level using four ground measurements in a tropical watershed system with complex topography, applying a machine learning artificial neural network (ANN) to improve the estimates, and using the ANN-adjusted MODIS-16 PET to characterize the spatio-temporal patterns of PET in the Brantas watershed, as well as to understand the monthly patterns of water deficiency in areas under eight different vegetation covers. The results showed that the native MODIS-16 PET experienced overestimation with an RMSE of 37–66 mm/month and NRSME of up to 33%. The performance decreased in drier periods. The ANN-based adjustment using only one variable showed improved estimates with a reduction of RSME to only 14 mm and lower than 10% NRMSE. Sari-temporal patterns of PET in the Brantas watershed showed that the PET characteristics were not uniform. The southern part of the Brantas watershed has areas with relatively lower PET that are, thus, more prone to water deficiency. Complex topography and climate gradients within the watershed apparently became the multi-controllers of PET variations. The difference in vegetation cover also influenced the magnitudes of water deficiency.

Learning geography in Indonesia philosophically aims to develop spatial literacy. Students must improve spatial literacy to form reasoning skills and apply spatial concepts in real life. Applying Gersmehl's spatial learning can improve students' spatial literacy through syntax arranged based on spatial aspects. The use of google earth helps students to complete case studies of disaster mitigation materials without the need to go directly to the field. This quasi-experimental research refers to the posttest-only control group design by comparing the posttest of spatial literacy in the experimental and control classes. This study involved students of class XI IPS SMAN 1 Blitar City. The instrument is a five-point description test based on indicators of spatial literacy in disaster mitigation materials standardized with validity and reliability tests. The research data were analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis tests. The data tested were in the form of posttest scores for spatial literacy in the experimental and control classes. The results of Gersmehl's spatial learning influence spatial literacy. The use of LKPD bridges the implementation of spatial learning syntax with Google Earth as a geospatial medium. The implementation of syntax in spatial learning is interrelated with spatial literacy indicators, thereby increasing students' spatial literacy based on experience and spatial recognition.

Malang city is supported by the informal sector, represented by 50.41% informal employees; 17.80% are street food vendors located by collector, neighborhood, local, and alongside footpaths. Those highly potential business opportunities are equipped by high-rate competitors that would be a failure factor. One of the most contributive factors of 50–60% of business failures is rough location planning without an effective solution. The purpose of this research is to analyze strategic selling locations for microbusiness and local franchises in Malang City. A quantitative approach was used to analyze numeric calculation while a geography information system (GIS) was used as the analysis method. Additionally, service area network analysis (SANA) as a GIS tool was used for counting the threshold of spatial factor. Both SANA and GIS integrate with mobile applications, which are called by LOLAKU (location = LO, or location to accelerate salability = LAKU). After analyzing the strategic location factor, these application are tested toward microbusinesses and local franchises around the study area. Respondents are involved in testing sessions after interview for microbusiness and local franchise criteria. The research showed that strategic locations for microbussiness and franchise local listed up to three rental points, there are: point 6 (112°36′44,571″ E–7°57′25,556″ S), point 9 (112°36′37,116″ E–7°57′28,496″ S), and point 21 (112°36′49,114″ E–7°57′48,281″ S). After comparing with respondents’ business criteria, point 6 is the most suitable one, which is located on alongside local roads, and traffic counted 37.8 unit/min on weekdays and 32.0 unit/min on weekends. LOLAKU received good responses from 36 respondents who took part in the criteria business determining and trial test sessions. We hope this application development will support and provide factual benefits for microbusinesses and local franchise actors in the future.

Sumber Brantas Village is one of the villages located in Bumiaji District, Batu City. This village is one of the villages that is a buffer area for the R. Soerjo People's Forest Park (Tahura) area. The use of land around Tahura is used as horticultural agricultural land which can cause damage to protected areas. However, using this land can create jobs for local people. This can be seen from the livelihoods of the residents of the area, as farmers. The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics of farmers, productivity of farm, and the potential use of horticultural agricultural land in Sumber Brantas Village and determine the level of productivity of the local farmers. The research methodology used is descriptive quantitative. The types of data obtained are qualitative and quantitative data. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling which then obtained 40 samples. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistical analysis. The results of this study indicate that the characteristics of farmers in Sumber Brantas Village has special characteristics, namely agricultural activities carried out using superior seeds and land processing is still carried out using traditional technology. Sumber Brantas merupakan salah satu desa yang berada di Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu. Desa ini merupakan salah satu daerah penyangga bagi kawasan Taman Hutan Rakyat (Tahura) R. Soerjo. Pemanfaatan lahan sekitar Tahura dijadikan sebagai lahan pertanian hortikultura dapat menimbulkan kerusakan pada kawasan lindung. Namun, dari pemanfaatan lahan tersebut dapat menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan bagi masyarakat setempat. Hal ini, dapat ditinjau dari mata pencaharian penduduk daerah tersebut yakni sebagai petani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji karakteristik petani, produktivitas pertanian, dan potensi pemanfaatan lahan pertanian hortikultura Desa Sumber Brantas. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif. Jenis data yang diperoleh adalah data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling yang kemudian diperoleh 40 sampel. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik petani di Desa Sumber Brantas memiliki karakteristik khusus yaitu kegiatan pertanian yang dilakukan menggunakan bibit unggul dan proses pengolahan lahan masih dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan teknologi tradisional.

Abstrak: Pantai Watukarung dengan keindahan panorama memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut menjadi wisata unggulan di Kabupaten Pacitan. Pantai Watukarung kurang dikenal dan diminati oleh masyarakat karena ombak yang cukup besar dan kurangnya informasi bagi pengunjung. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kesesuaian wisata Pantai Watukarung dengan menentukan nilai indeks kesesuaian wisata kategori rekreasi dan berenang. Metode menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan primer dan sekunder, metode pengumpulan data adalah survei dan pengukuran secara langsung. Pemilihan titik lokasi pengukuran menggunakan metode purpossive sampling, terbagi tiga stasiun. Hasil penilaian Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata dari ketiga stasiun adalah S3 “Sesuai bersyarat” dengan nilai stasiun 1 54.6%, stasiun 2 58.6%, stasiun 3 sebesar 56%. Faktor yang menjadi pembatas adalah kedalaman dan biota berbahaya bulu babi. Kegiatan yang cocok dilakukan bersantai, jalan-jalan, dan bermain di sekitar bibir pantai. Watukarung Beach has a beautiful panorama that has the potential to be further developed into a leading tourism destination in Pacitan Regency to improve the economy of the surrounding community and the region. Watukarung Beach is less well known and in demand by the community compared to other beaches in Pacitan Regency due to its large waves and lack of information for visitors. The purpose of the research was to identify the suitability index of Watukarung beach tourism to assess suitable activities carried out by visitors in the area other than surfing and activities that are not allowed in the beach area. Research objectives The assessment was carried out through measurement and observation of several physical and biological parameters. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The data used are primary and secondary data, data collection methods by survey and direct measurement. Selection of measurement location points using purposive sampling method, divided into three stations. The results of the Tourism Suitability Index assessment of the three stations are S3 “Conditionally Suitable” with a value of station 1 of 54.6%, station 2 of 58.6%, station 3 of 54.6%. The limiting factors are large waves, water depth especially in high tide conditions, and dangerous biota namely sea urchins. Activities that are suitable for Watukarung beach are relaxing, sightseeing, playing around the shoreline while remaining vigilant, and swimming.