The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) is an assessment tool to evaluate cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The main objective of this study is to provide new empirical evidence about the validity and reliability of the CERQ via a sample of 271 Spanish adolescents (136 female, 135 male) aged from 15 to 18 years (M = 15.7, SD = 0.76). The analytical process was carried out in two phases. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the polychoric correlation matrix between items. Four possible alternative models were contrasted: two models with nine factors and two models with two second-order factors and nine first-order factors, with 36 and 27 items, respectively. The model with nine correlated factors and 27 items obtained the best indices of overall fit. Subsequently, the reliability of the measurements was estimated on this model. The results reaffirm the validity of the 27-item version of the CERQ over the original 36-item structure. The findings also confirm that the CERQ is a reliable instrument for the evaluation of emotion regulation strategies in adolescents.

The way in which people regulate their e motions is related to the appearance, course and development of a broad spectrum of psychopathologies. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the use of cognitive emotional regulation strategies on high school students’ anxiety level. To this end, the Spanish adaptation of the CER-Q and the Spanish adaptation of the STAI were applied to a sample of 266 high school students. A multiple linear regression model was proposed, where anxiety level was the dependent variable, and the use frequencies of emotional regulation strategies were the independent variables. Gender was also considered as an independent variable since the data showed differences in anxiety level and in the use of emotional regulation strategies between male and female subjects. The model explained 46.3% of the variance, and the predictive variables were Self-blame, Positive Reinterpretation, Catastrophizing, Rumination and gender. Based on the findings and the previous literature, it is suggested that the use of adaptive strategies of emotional regulation promotes lower levels of anxiety, and the use of maladaptive strategies results in higher levels of anxiety.

Introduction and objective: The Rural Care Project is a social and healthcare initiative designed for older adults living in deep-rural areas of the Autonomous Community of Castile and Leon (Spain) who require long-term care (LTC). This intervention program promotes Person-Centered Care (PCC) and active aging to improve quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study is to evaluate the project's effectiveness on QoL by way of a quasi-experimental study.Methods: A total of 416 Spanish participants were divided into three groups: (a) experimental group (N = 102) made up of adults residing in deep-rural areas and receiving targeted home-based support; (b) control: residential care group (N = 170) with people receiving extensive formal care; (c) control: at home (N = 144), consisting of older adults with clinically identified dependency, disability, or chronic illness, who remained in their homes in rural areas and relied mainly on informal support (family, neighbors, or self-management), receiving little or no formal LTC services. The intervention spanned 18–20 months and included social and psychological support, coordination of care services, and periodic assessments by trained professionals. QoL was assessed pre- and post-intervention using the “World Health Organization Quality of Life” (WHOQOL-BREF) scale. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, with post hoc tests to explore group differences. Power analysis confirmed adequate sample size to detect medium effects (α = 0.05, power = 0.80, effect size = 0.5).Results: Participants reported high satisfaction with personal relationships and housing. The experimental group showed significant improvements in physical and psychological health post-intervention, with moderate and small effect sizes, respectively. Improvements in social relationships and environmental context were limited, appearing mainly in the Control: at home group.Discussion and conclusion: The findings provide evidence that the Rural Care program effectively improves key dimensions of QoL among older adults in deep-rural areas. Recommendations include implementing policy reforms to promote home-based LTC grounded in PCC principles. Prioritizing tailored support to enhance physical health and reduce medical dependency are critical outcomes that should be emphasized. Although the program did not produce significant effects on environmental context and social relationships, observed trends suggest potential benefits if future interventions are expanded to comprehensively address these areas. Thus, future programs should adopt a multifaceted approach, integrating strategies for environmental enhancements and promoting both formal and informal social interactions to empower older adults in decision-making processes.

Background: People with intellectual disabilities have a high prevalence of mental health problems, which are often underdiagnosed and treated late due to difficulties in assessment. The limited availability of validated instruments, communication barriers, and reliance on external informants hinder the early detection of symptoms and the monitoring of their progression. Objective: This study describes the protocol for the development and piloting of MENTALSED, a digital assessment system designed for the continuous monitoring of mental health and emotional well-being in people with intellectual disability through ecological momentary assessment using traditional questionnaires supplemented with psychophysiological measures. Methods: The study uses a mixed methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative procedures. Following a literature review, a survey assessed the needs of direct care professionals. On the basis of these findings, self-report and proxy-report EMA questionnaires were developed. The professional version was evaluated by university experts and direct care professionals. The self-report version was adapted into an easy-to-read format with the support of a focus group of people with intellectual disabilities and subsequently evaluated by individuals with intellectual disabilities and professionals. The questionnaires were implemented on the Avicenna Research platform. Objective psychophysiological measures (heart rate variability via a chest strap and sleep quality and heart rate via a smartwatch) were included. All data are integrated into a custom application displaying 4 well-being dimensions. The subsequent pilot study will involve individuals with intellectual disability and support professionals over a 2-week period in natural settings. Results: The project was funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the State Research Agency, and the European Regional Development Fund/European Union (grant PID2023-150190OA-I00/MENTAL-SED). The needs assessment and validation phases were conducted between January and May 2025. As of manuscript submission, a total of 91 participants (71 professionals and experts and 20 individuals with intellectual disability) have been recruited and have participated in the development and validation stages. The 2-week pilot study is currently concluding data collection. Data analysis for the pilot phase is expected to begin in October 2026, and the final results are expected to be published in 2027. Conclusions: MENTALSED is expected to facilitate the early detection of emotional and behavioral changes, improve diagnostic accuracy, and enable the development of evidence-based preventive interventions. The integration of multiple sources of information is expected to help overcome traditional limitations in mental health assessment in this population.