With the acceleration of urbanization, waterlogging has become an increasingly serious issue. Road waterlogging has a great influence on residents’ travel and traffic safety. Thus, evaluation of residents’ travel difficulties caused by rainstorm waterlogging disasters is of great significance for their travel safety and emergency shelter needs. This study investigated urban rainstorm waterlogging disasters, evaluating the impact of the evolution of such disasters’ evolution on residents’ evacuation, using Daoli District (Harbin, China) as the research demonstration area to perform empirical research using a combination of scenario simulations, questionnaires, GIS spatial technology analysis and a hydrodynamics method to establish an urban rainstorm waterlogging numerical simulation model. The results show that under the conditions of a 10-year frequency rainstorm, there are three street sections in the study area with a high difficulty index, five street sections with medium difficulty index and the index is low at other districts, while under the conditions of a 50-year frequency rainstorm, there are five street sections with a high difficulty index, nine street sections with a medium difficulty index and the other districts all have a low index. These research results can help set the foundation for further small-scale urban rainstorm waterlogging disaster scenario simulations and emergency shelter planning as well as forecasting and warning, and provide a brand-new thought and research method for research on residents’ safe travel.

Urban waterlogging seriously threatens the safety of urban residents and properties. Wargame simulation research on resident emergency evacuation from waterlogged areas can determine the effectiveness of emergency response plans for high risk events at low cost. Based on wargame theory and emergency evacuation plans, we used a wargame exercise method, incorporating qualitative and quantitative aspects, to build an urban waterlogging disaster emergency shelter using a wargame exercise and evaluation model. The simulation was empirically tested in Daoli District of Harbin. The results showed that the wargame simulation scored 96.40 points, evaluated as good. From the simulation results, wargame simulation of urban waterlogging emergency procedures for disaster response can improve the flexibility and capacity for command, management and decision-making in emergency management departments.

This study focuses on the resilience of tourism economies in Chinese provinces, exploring their spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces as a crucial prerequisite for promoting the high-quality development of China’s tourism industry. We construct a resilience evaluation index system from four dimensions: resistance resilience, recovery resilience, reshaping resilience, and development resilience, using provincial tourism data from 2012 to 2022. The study employs Moran’s Index, kernel density estimation, and GIS technology to investigate the differentiation characteristics, spatial evolution processes, and spatial agglomeration characteristics of provincial tourism economic resilience in China. Finally, the GeoDetector model is used to analyze the driving factors. The findings are as follows: (1) Over time, most provinces and cities in China have shown varying degrees of improvement in tourism economic resilience, with different changes observed across the four dimensions. (2) Spatially, significant differences exist between provinces, with better resilience in the east than in the west and in the south than in the north. (3) Regionally, while no polarization is observed, there is a distinct differentiation between high and low-value areas. (4) Regional linkages indicate the presence of interregional associations in China’s tourism economic resilience, with non-uniform distribution of cold and hot spots. (5) Key driving factors include per capita railway mileage, domestic tourism revenue, the number of travel agencies, and the number of employees in accommodation and catering. Under the backdrop of rapid tourism economic development, improving infrastructure construction and enhancing the comprehensive strength of the tourism industry is vital for boosting tourism economic resilience.

In light of the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events such as rainstorm-induced waterlogging, which have had severe impacts on people’s production and daily lives, how to more effectively respond to these natural disasters to ensure sustainable urban human development has become a critical research topic that requires urgent attention.This study focuses on the mitigation measures for urban rainstorm waterlogging disasters, using Erdao District in Changchun City, Jilin Province, as a case area. Hydrodynamic methods, waterlogging models, infiltration coefficient calculations, and drainage capacity inversion methods are employed to construct a model simulating the mitigation process of urban rainstorm waterlogging for different land use types. The study emphasizes that increasing vegetation coverage and expediting the construction of sponge cities are crucial measures for alleviating urban rainstorm waterlogging disasters in China. The results indicate that: (1) Underlying surfaces limited to bare land, cultivated land, construction land, and roads result in severe rainstorm waterlogging in the study area, posing significant threats to residents’ safety, property, and traffic; (2) When the underlying surface is vegetation, it has a certain mitigating effect on rainstorm waterlogging, but insufficient vegetation cover in residential areas reduces its effectiveness.; (3) The scenario where the underlying surface comprises bare land, cultivated land, construction land, and roads demonstrates effective mitigation of rainstorm waterlogging; (4) The optimal mitigation effect for rainstorm waterlogging occurs when the underlying surface includes bare land, cultivated land, construction land, roads, and vegetation, showcasing the synergy between vegetation and sponge city construction.Based on this study, scientific evidence is provided for the prevention and mitigation of urban disasters, and technical support is offered for the sustainable development of cities. Moreover, the research emphasizes the importance of clarifying zoning standards in urban planning, mandating the implementation of green infrastructure, and enhancing public acceptance through demonstration projects, thereby providing references for the practical application of sponge city construction.

This study examined urban vulnerability in the three northeastern provinces of China—Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning—from 2000 to 2020, addressing challenges such as resource shortages, harsh environments, and inadequate education and healthcare. Using the weighted summation method and geographic detector model, this study analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution of urban vulnerability in 34 prefecture-level cities. The results show that overall vulnerability initially increased and then decreased, while economic vulnerability continued to rise. Spatially, vulnerability shifted from weak agglomeration to dispersion by 2020. Key drivers include new fixed assets, local fiscal revenue, and altitude. The findings highlight the need for tailored, coordinated development strategies to reduce urban vulnerability and promote sustainable regional growth, emphasizing the importance of balancing resources, environment, economy, society, and nature.