Laser Wire-Feed Metal Additive Manufacturing (LWAM) is a process that utilizes a laser to heat and melt a metallic alloy wire, which is then precisely positioned on a substrate, or previous layer, to build a three-dimensional metal part. LWAM technology offers several advantages, such as high speed, cost effectiveness, precision control, and the ability to create complex geometries with near-net shape features and improved metallurgical properties. However, the technology is still in its early stages of development, and its integration into the industry is ongoing. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the LWAM technology, this review article emphasizes the importance of key aspects of LWAM, including parametric modeling, monitoring systems, control algorithms, and path-planning approaches. The study aims to identify potential gaps in the existing literature and highlight future research opportunities in the field of LWAM, with the goal of advancing its industrial application.

Improving the vibration isolation for the seat of small vehicles under low excitation frequencies is important for providing good comfort for the driver and passengers. Thus, in this study, a compact, low-dynamic, and high-static stiffness vibration isolation system has been designed. A theoretical analysis of the proposed quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) isolator system for vehicle seats is presented. The isolator consists of two oblique springs and a vertical spring to support the load and to achieve quasi-zero stiffness at the equilibrium position. To support any additional load above the supported weight, a sleeve air spring is used. Furthermore, the two oblique springs are equipped with a horizontal adjustment mechanism that is aimed to reach higher frequencies with the existed stroke when a heavy load is applied. The proposed system can be fitted for small vehicles, especially for B-segment and C-segment cars. Finally, the simulation results reveal that the proposed system has a large isolation frequency range compared to that of the linear isolator.