Background: Even though there is an extensive body of literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals who have experienced armed conflict, there are still many grey areas, especially in relation to civilian participants in hostilities. This article evaluates how socio-demographic factors and the interactions between them have influenced PTSD among civilians involved in the recent war in Ukraine. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 314 adults, 74 women, and 235 men. The mean age was 34.08 years. We used the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C). Results: Our findings show that predictors of posttraumatic stress are loss of a loved one, place of residence, gender, continuation of education, and health insurance. We demonstrated that PTSD produced by the loss of a loved one as a result of war is determined by participation in the education system, whatever the level of education. The literature emphasises the importance of social support, e.g., from the family. We demonstrated that having children is associated with a risk of more severe PTSD, causing serious mental strain among participants of hostilities. We discovered that material security lowers PTSD, but only among people who have no children. Conclusions: PTSD is the result of not only the violence and damage caused by war but also of other stressful circumstances associated with the social and financial conditions of life. Further research needs to focus on identifying modifiable risk factors and protective factors that could be embraced by intervention strategies. Our findings can inform the goals behind therapeutic support for civilian participants of hostilities, and implications for social work. Social work professionals are encouraged to engage in direct questioning and to maintain a supportive and safe environment for participants in hostilities, e.g., in the area of education. Trauma-affected people need to be given opportunities to build up their strengths and increase their psychological resources towards well-being. Social security (health insurance, savings, material security) should be taken into account when working with people affected by PTSD.

Praca to jeden z najważniejszych czynników resocjalizacji. Rozwija i kształtuje właściwe prospołeczne postawy więźniów. Stanowi narzędzie reedukacji i działań na rzecz zapobiegania powrotności do przestępstwa. Wysoki poziom poczucia sensu pracy prowadzi do zwiększenia satysfakcji i zaangażowania więźniów. Pomaga również w odnalezieniu się na rynku pracy po zakończeniu odbywania kary pozbawienia wolności. W badaniach uczestniczyło 198 pracujących osadzonych przebywających w Areszcie Śledczym w Lublinie. zastosowano kwestionariusz WAMI M. Steger’a, Skalę Satysfakcji z Pracy A. Zalewskiej oraz kwestionariusz autorski. Zbadano, czy istnieje związek między satysfakcją z pracy a poczuciem sensu pracy, a także jakie są deklaracje dotyczące zamiaru podjęcia pracy po odbyciu kary pozbawienia wolności. Więźniowie z wyższym osobistym poczuciem sensu pracy odczuwają większą satysfakcję z pracy, a także częściej chcą działać dla dobra społecznego, budują bardziej realistyczne plany wolnościowe, odczuwają mniejsze obawy przed odnalezieniem się na rynku pracy po zakończeniu odbywania kary. Odpłatność za pracę więźniów wpływa na poziom odczuwanej z niej satysfakcji. Wysokie poczucie sensu pracy i zadowolenia z możliwości jej wykonywania wśród pracujących więźniów są istotnym elementem warunkującym zaangażowanie osadzonych w proces resocjalizacji.

This monograph presents issues related to the armed conflict in Ukraine, which began in 2014 and is still ongoing. It shows the socio-historical background of warfare; the factors determin... Preview The volume presents correlations between resource distribution and strategies for coping with stress as well as selected consequences of traumatic experiences among participants in the arme... Preview The armed conflict in Ukraine began in 2014. This monograph shows the socio-historical background of warfare; the factors determining the distribution of adaptive resources (assigning them ... Teaser How do resources influence the way people involved in the war deal with it?

This paper aims to establish strategies of coping with COVID-19 pandemic adopted by the clients of social assistance from the perspective of social workers. The qualitative research among Polish social workers and family assistants was conducted from September to November 2021. Based on 30 in-depth interviews with social work professionals, groups of social assistance clients behaviours were identified and classified into the theoretical models of reactions to social change by Merton and Giddens. The following types of behaviour have been selected and categorized into four groups of reactions when dealing with social workers in a pandemic situation: coolheaded calculation, defiance, confusion, and adaptation. At the same time, reactions to the situation of social change were categorized into one of the strategies of active or passive behaviour: innovation, contestation, retreat, and acceptance. In addition, we discussed the impact of clients coping strategies on social workers and established three attitudes of the surveyed social workers: adapting to the pandemic situation and customer behaviour, assuming the role of an emotional buffer and informant, and expecting support from superiors and coworkers. Knowing the behaviour of social assistance clients in a challenging situation makes it possible to adopt tailor-made measures.

The paper aims to determine the associations of mediators’ religiosity, assessed as self-reported religious belief and religious practice frequency, with their recognition of the existence of a work ethic of mediators, their personal approach to the occupation, their values, their adherence to the rules of mediation, and their perception of its objectives. The article is based on the results of a quantitative study conducted among Polish court mediators (n = 391). It was found that the mediators who were religious believers and regularly practiced their religion were more often convinced about the existence of a work ethic, treated work in their occupation as an opportunity to help people, and remained neutral in disputes, but they were also more inclined to violate the principle of impartiality by being prepared to conduct mediation in their friends or family members’ cases. Our research on mediators’ work ethic may be useful in raising the standards of mediator training in specific areas of specialization, including working with migrants and multicultural communities, enhancing the effectiveness of mediations, improving their quality, and boosting the level of disputants’ satisfaction.