Soil salinity is a major concern in the Uzbekistan. Fergana valleys agricultural lands, it negatively affects plant growth, crop yields, whereas in central part of the valley is semi-desert and desert affects agricultural areas due to subsidence, corrosion and ground water quality, leading to further soil erosion and land degradation. Traditional soil salinity assessments have been doing by collecting of soil samples and laboratory analyzing of collected samples for determining totally dissolved soils (TDS) and electro conductivity, but, Geo-informatic systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies provides more efficient, economic and rapid tools and techniques for soil salinity assessment and soil salinity mapping. Main goals of this research are to map soil salinity of Fergana valley, to show relation of its result with traditional analysing and analysing withGIS technology As a source of satellite images has been used Landsat-8 OLI. Research areas every arable land validity point of different locations were measured by Traditional soil salinity assessments by Soil composition and Repository, Quality analysis center was compared to our research conducted on satellite sensor and it can be said that the study have done correctly.

A marginal land definition is a contemporary scientific term that is constantly changing and unstoppable. There are many ways in which marginal lands are referred to, unproductive lands, including waste lands, unutilized lands, idle lands, abandoned lands, or degraded land. In the present research, we tried to collect all Scopus-based publications in English from 1979 to 2022 years using crucial keywords: Marginal lands, Land degradation, and Agricultural land. We analyzed the most popular journals, top authors, top-cited papers, top countries, top-cited years, etc. A common way to identify ML is to use biophysical constraints related to agricultural productivity or bioenergy. For instance, using a multi-criteria decision approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing, combined data on land use/land cover (LULC), slope, soil depth, erosion, moisture, water holding capacity, texture, and availability of nutrient to study the land suitability for agriculture in hilly zones. There is a high potential for applying remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) for the mapping and monitoring of marginal lands. In addition, the role of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) in other disciplines around the world is significantly high. In contrast, in this research work, we find out that the usage scale of RS and GIS technologies is not common all around the world on the given marginal land issues.

Land use and land cover (LULC) change is a vital indicator of environmental transformation and sustainable land management, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions such as Karakalpakstan. Although several studies have explored LULC dynamics across Central Asia, most have focused on large-scale or regional assessments, leaving a gap in district-level analyses that capture localized land transformation processes. This study addresses this gap by examining the temporal dynamics of LULC in the Shimbay district, one of the most populous districts in the northern part of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. The research aims to identify changes in LULC using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery over 6 years, from 2017 to 2022. The study area was selected based on 10 years of government “Land Fund” data, indicating significant changes in bare land. The satellite images and field measurements were analyzed using ArcGIS 10.4.1. LULC was categorized into five classes: water bodies; vegetation and agricultural land (including flooded mangroves, emergent vegetation, paddy fields, irrigated agricultural lands, cereals, grasses, and non-tree crops); built-up areas; saline land; and bare land. Following classification, 100 random sample points were generated in ArcGIS and verified using Google Earth Pro to ensure classification accuracy. The results showed that the overall accuracy of the LULC classification was 81% (Kappa coefficient= 0.74) in 2017 and 71% (Kappa coefficient= 0.66) in 2022, both considered within the “substantial” agreement range. The most significant change occurred in vegetation and agricultural lands, with 13,183.38 ha (9.4% of the study area) converted into bare land. These findings provide a detailed understanding of landscape transformation in the Shimbay district and offer policymakers and planners valuable insights to enhance sustainable land management and prevent further land degradation.

Soil salinity increasing is one of the most dangerous factors for food security and ecological conditions in the world and also in Uzbekistan. Currently, salinity affects around 47% of Uzbekistan's irrigated lands. The study area is located in the western part of Uzbekistan and downstream of the Amu Darya River. The satellite images were acquired between the 2015- 2024 years over the 5-year time period. In order to analyse soil salinity was used Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI) by the ArcGIS Pro software and RS data. Especially, slightly saline soils are the biggest occupied land and equal to 30% of the total area of the district, which of 127,735.4 ha. Also, saline soils are the second biggest land class which occupies 28.1% of the total area of the district, of which 119,612.9 ha. Meanwhile, non-saline soils occupied 20.55% of the total area, as well as both strongly saline and extremely saline soils occupied area is 21.34% of the total district of the study area, which is 87456.6 ha with 90827.43 ha.