Background: In vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) is being increasingly approached in assisted reproductive technology (ART). This study aimed to evaluate the quality of embryos generated by in-vitro matured immature follicles, as a guideline for further clinical decision-making. Methods: A total of 52 couples with normal karyotypes underwent in vitro fertilization, and 162 embryos were donated for genetic screening. Embryos in IVF group were generated by mature follicles retrieved during gonadotrophin-stimulated in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. And embryos in IVM group were fertilized from IVM immature oocytes. Results: The average age of the women was 30.50 ± 4.55 years (range 21–42 years) with 87 embryos from IVF group and 75 embryos from IVM group. The rate of aneuploid with 28 of the 87 (32.2%) embryos from IVF group and 21 of the 75 (28%) embryos from IVM group, with no significant difference. The frequency of aneuploid embryos was lowest in the youngest age and increased gradually with women’s age, whether in IVF group or IVM group and risen significantly over 35 years old. The embryos with morphological grade 1 have the lowest aneuploidy frequency (16.6%), and increase by the grade, especially in IVF group. In grade 3, embryos in IVM group were more likely to be euploid than IVF group (60% vs 40%, respectively). Conclusions: IVM does not affect the quality of embryos and does not increase the aneuploidy rate of embryos. It is clinically recommended that women more than 35 years have a high aneuploidy rate and recommended to test by PGS (strongly recommended to screened by PGS for women more than 40 years). Women aged less than 35 years old for PGS according to their physical and economic conditions. Embryo with poor quality is also recommended to test by PGS, especially for grade III embryos.

Objective: Collected human cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) are usually inseminated after 4 to 6 hours in in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratories. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of short-term pre-IVF incubation in culture medium on subsequent oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryonic development, as well as clinical outcomes. Methods: Sixty patients were divided randomly into 2 groups, pre-IVF incubation for 5 hours: 1) with (+) the designed oocyte maturation medium; 2) without (−) the designed oocyte maturation medium (transferred directly to fertilization medium for 5 hours before insemination). Oocyte maturation and fertilization were assessed, and the rate of cleavage and good quality embryos were evaluated between the 2 groups on days 2 and 3, respectively. Blastocyst development was based on the remaining number of embryos on day 3, continuously cultured to day 5 after embryo transfer or frozen on day 3, and was compared between the 2 groups. Clinical pregnancy, implantation, and miscarriage rates were also compared. Results: Oocyte maturation rates did not differ between groups (85.8 ± 14.1% vs. 90.7 ± 9.1%). However, the range of oocyte maturation rates (58.3%–100.0%) for each patient was significantly higher in the (−) group than in the (+) pre-incubation group (71.4%–100.0%). There were no differences in fertilization rates (89.9 ± 10.0% vs. 86.5 ± 12.2%) and good quality embryos (70.8 ± 19.1% vs. 62.1 ± 23.7%) between groups; however, the blastocyst development rates were significantly different between groups (73.1 ± 20.1% vs. 58.8 ± 18.2%, P <0.05). Nevertheless, clinical pregnancy (62.5% vs. 61.1%) and implantation (46.9% vs. 47.2%) rates did not differ between groups. Conclusions: These results indicate that a short pre-IVF incubation time in the designed culture medium promotes oocyte maturation and embryonic development, suggesting that short pre-IVF incubation of COCs in the designed culture medium may be important for subsequent final oocyte maturation and early embryonic development.

Objectives: To evaluate the embryonic developments and clinical outcomes of different sperm sources with cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and in vitro maturation (IVM).Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the hospital ethics committee and conducted in the hospital in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinic. From January 2005 to December 2018, 239 infertile couples underwent IVM–ICSI cycles and were divided into three groups according to different sperm sources. Group 1 comprised patients with percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA; n = 62, 62 cycles), group 2 comprised patients with testicular sperm aspiration (TESA; n = 51, 51 cycles), and group 3 comprised patients with ejaculated sperm (n = 126, 126 cycles). We calculated the following outcomes: 1) outcomes per IVM–ICSI cycle: fertilization rate, cleavage rate, and embryo quality; 2) outcomes per embryo transfer cycle: endometrial thickness, implantation rate, biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate.Results: There was no difference in basic characteristics among the three groups, such as the female partner’s age, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), basal luteinizing hormone (LH), and antral follicle count (p > 0.1). There were no statistically significant differences according to the IVM–ICSI cycle among the three groups in fertilization rate, cleavage rate, and rate of good-quality embryos (p > 0.05). The results were similar among cycles regarding the number of transfer embryos and endometrial thickness per embryo transfer cycle among the three groups (p > 0.05). There were also similar clinical outcomes per embryo transfer cycle among the three groups, such as the biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Different sperm sources, percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration, testicular sperm aspiration, and ejaculated sperm, do not affect the embryo and clinical outcomes after IVM–ICSI cycles.