The influence of the substitution pattern in ferrocenyl α-thienyl thioketone used as a proligand in complexation reactions with Fe₃(CO)₁₂ was investigated. As a result, two new sulfur–iron complexes, considered [FeFe]-hydrogenase mimics, were obtained and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (¹H, ¹³C{¹H} NMR, IR, MS), as well as by elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction methods. The electrochemical properties of both complexes were studied and compared using cyclic voltammetry in the absence and in presence of acetic acid as a proton source. The performed measurements demonstrated that both complexes can catalyze the reduction of protons to molecular hydrogen H₂. Moreover, the obtained results showed that the presence of the ferrocene moiety at the backbone of the linker of both complexes improved the stability of the reduced species.

The adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and N,N-dimethyldodecan-1-amine oxide (DDAO) and their mixtures from their solutions, onto Jordanian Natural Clay (JNC) was investigated at room temperature. The clay was firstly analyzed with X-ray fluorescence technique. The surface tension of the single and mixed surfactant solutions was then measured as a function of the total surfactant concentration and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of these solutions were determined. The interaction between SDS and DDAO as indicated by their interaction parameter was calculated according to the regular solution model. Adsorption of single surfactants onto 3 % wt/vol Jordanian Natural Clay, using the depletion method, was ultimately investigated. Although no absorbed SDS molecules were found onto the Jordanian Clay, but a pronounced adsorption tendency for DDAO and mixed SDS/DDAO molecules was obtained. The amounts of surfactant adsorbed onto 3 wt/vol% JNC follow the trend: SDS/DDAO > DDAO > SDS indicating the importance of synergistic interaction of surfactants on their adsorption behavior.

Metal deposition methods and strategies for TiO ₂ and Bi ₂ WO ₆ photocatalysts.

Caffeine and chlorogenic acid are among the most extensively investigated bioactive compounds in coffee, tea, and other plant-derived products due to their noteworthy physical, nutritional, and industrial relevance. Caffeine is primarily acknowledged for its central nervous system stimulant activity, whereas chlorogenic acid, a phenolic ester, contributes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic health benefits. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines in order to systematically compile and summarize the extraction and analytical conditions reported for caffeine and CGAs in different matrices and to provide a structured comparison among the reported studies. All studies focusing on the extraction and/or quantification of caffeine and chlorogenic acids in several matrices were considered eligible. Three independent electronic searches were performed using PubMed, Science.gov, and BASE to identify relevant articles. Extraction of data was conducted independently by four authors based on consistent selection and extraction criteria. One hundred and twenty-five studies were identified. The results were summarized in tables including several parameters. Conventional extraction techniques, including aqueous and organic solvent-based methods, have formed the foundation for separating caffeine and chlorogenic acids. However, rising interest in green and sustainable technologies has shifted attention towards advanced approaches such as ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. These methods not only enhance extraction yields and reduce processing times but also align with environmental and safety concerns in the modern food and pharmaceutical industries. For quantification, high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet or mass spectrometric detection remains the benchmark, offering precision and reproducibility in different matrices. This review sheds light on recent advances and ongoing research in the extraction and quantification of caffeine and chlorogenic acid in different types of matrices. Continued innovation in green extraction technologies and robust quantification methods is essential for supporting scientific research applications.

This study aims to evaluate the levels of coffee lipids, diterpenes, chlorogenic acid (CGA), and caffeine in coffee samples with different roasting levels. Additionally, it aims to assess the impact of coffee extracts with/without omega-3 supplementation on lipid profile parameters. Liquid-liquid and soxhlet extraction, and quantitation were performed using HPLC-DAD. Two groups of Wistar rats were used: non-hyperlipidemic and hyperlipidemic. Blood samples were collected before and after hyperlipidemia induction after six weeks. The lipid profile: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL), and total cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (TC/HDL) were determined. A positive correlation between coffee lipids, diterpenes, and caffeine levels with the coffee’s roasting degree was found, and a negative correlation for CGA. The study was conducted on rats fed with a healthy and hyperlipidemia-induced diet. Green coffee had a significant effect on the lipid profile of non-hyperlipidemic rats. It lowered the levels of TG, LDL, and TC/HDL, and raised HDL and non-HDL levels significantly compared with the control group. In combination, green coffee and omega-3 lowered TC, TG, LDL, non-HDL, and TC/HDL levels. Green coffee alone or in combination with (omega-3) lowered lipid profile parameters but increased non-HDL levels in non- and hyperlipidemic induced-rats.

A prominent class of reactions, reductive aminations are used extensively in research labs and industry to synthesize amines; which are applied in a variety of medicines, agrochemicals, and biomolecules. Amine compounds are essential in many aspects of life; amino groups exist in many natural and agricultural products. New 4-(benzylamino)benzoic acid derivatives with general formula of C14H12NO2R, where [R= (H), (4-Cl), (4-NMe), (4-Br), (3-NO2), (4-NO2), (2-OMe), (3-OMe), (4-OMe), (2,3-OMe), (3,4-OMe), (2-OH, 3-OMe), (3-OMe, 4-OH), (3,5-OMe, 4-OH), (2-OH, 5-Br), (3-OH), (4-SMe), (2,3-OH), (3-CF3)] (compounds 1-19) were obtained by reductive amination reaction via reacting p-amino benzoic acid with benzaldehyde derivatives and sodium borohydride. All prepared compounds has been characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques (HRMS, FT-IR, 1H, and 13C{1H} NMR) and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the structure of some of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (R = 4-Cl, 4-Br, 2-OMe, 3-OMe, 4-OMe, 2,3-OMe), compounds 2, 4, 7-9 and 11, respectively. Moreover, some of these new compounds have shown somehow moderate antibacterial activities against different strains of bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative) with MIC values ranging from 64-256 µg/ mL. The anticancer activities of all compounds (IC50 values, µM) were evaluated against different cell lines, HGF (Fibroblasts; normal cell line), A549 (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cell line) and H69 (Small Cell Lung Cancer cell line). Compound 18 showed a considerable IC50 value of 90.69 against A549 and an excellent value of 32.22 and H69, respectively.