Kesejahteraan hewan coba mencakup dua masalah utama yaitu pemeliharaan umum dan penanganan selama prosedur eksperimental. Kedua masalah utama tersebut berkaitan dengan perlakuan yang diberikan oleh peneliti sejak awal hewan coba diterima hingga penelitian berakhir. Penelitian yang menggunakan hewan percobaan terutama secara etis harus menerapkan prinsip replacement,reduction,dan refinement(3R), serta prinsip lima kebebasan hewanyaitu (1) bebas dari rasa lapar dan haus,(2)bebas dari rasa tidak nyaman,(3)bebas dari rasa nyeri, luka dan penyakit,(4)bebas dari rasa takut dan stres, dan (5) bebas untuk mengekspresikan tingkah laku alamiah. Penerapankaidah kesejahteraan hewan dalam penelitian ini bertujuan meminimalisir stres pada hewan dandiharapkan dapat memberikan hasil penelitian yanglebih akurat.

Poultry meat consumption is increasing worldwide but the overuse of antimicrobials for prevention and treatment of diseases has increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR), triggering a major public health issue. To restrict AMR emergence, the government supports the optimization of natural products that are safe and easy to obtain with minimal side effects on poultry, humans, and the environment. Various studies have explored the potential of herbs in animal health for their antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and body weight gain properties. Therefore, this study reviewed plants with potential application in avian species by summarizing and discussing the mechanisms and prophylactic/therapeutic potential of these compounds and their plant origin extracts.

Background and Aim: Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.) (CGG) is a herbal medicine that could be developed into a male antifertility agent. The present study aims to determine the effect of an ethanol extract of CGG roots on mice testicular activity, reproductive hormone levels, and epididymal sperm quality. Materials and Methods: This study was designed as completely randomized with three different doses, such as an ethanol extract of CGG roots at 0 (control), 90, and 115 mg/kg body weight. In total, 21 male DDY mice strain were treated with the CGG extract (by gavage) for 14 days, followed by an evaluation of reproductive organs, epididymal sperm quality, testis histology, histomorphometry, and reproductive hormone assays. All quantitative data were analyzed by analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's post hoc test at α=0.05. Results: The results showed that the administration of the CGG root ethanol extract disrupted the testis interstitial area and seminiferous tubules, resulting in decreased epididymal sperm quality as well as serum testosterone levels in a dose-dependent pattern. Conclusion: Oral administration of a CGG root ethanol extract induced testicular damage, decreased epididymal sperm quality, and impaired testosterone secretion.

Excessive chlorination in chicken drinking water can trigger pathogenic microbial infection, such as Eimeria protozoa infection which causes coccidiosis. This disease can cause losses in farmers because it causes poor weight gain and high mortality. In this study, it was known that broiler chicken on farm in Tegal were reported with inappetence, lethargy, weakness, paleness and bloody diarrhea. Water examination was performed and found 600 ppm chlorine in the drinking water and the litter thickness was less than 5 cm. Post mortem examination found enlargement of the heart and kidney, caecal tonsil and caecal bleeding, swelling of the intestine and enteritis. Based on that pathological anatomy lesion and examination of oocysts per gram of feces, the chicken diagnosis as enteritis followed by coccidiosis as a secondary infection due to Eimeria tenella with a severe infection. Therefore, control can be carried out by giving Capzuril® or Agricox®, vitamin K, vitamin A and probiotics and prevention by controlling the chlorination of the drinking water and increasing the thickness of the litter.

Kesejahteraan hewan coba mencakup dua masalah utama yaitu pemeliharaan umum dan penanganan selama prosedur eksperimental. Kedua masalah utama tersebut berkaitan dengan perlakuan yang diberikan oleh peneliti sejak awal hewan coba diterima hingga penelitian berakhir. Penelitian yang menggunakan hewan percobaan terutama secara etis harus menerapkan prinsip replacement, reduction, dan refinement (3R), serta prinsip lima kebebasan hewan yaitu (1) bebas dari rasa lapar dan haus, (2) bebas dari rasa tidak nyaman, (3) bebas dari rasa nyeri, luka dan penyakit, (4) bebas dari rasa takut dan stres, dan (5) bebas untuk mengekspresikan tingkah laku alamiah. Penerapan kaidah kesejahteraan hewan dalam penelitian ini bertujuan meminimalisir stres pada hewan dan diharapkan dapat memberikan hasil penelitian yang lebih akurat.

Cipageran, Cimahi city, West Java has a high population of dairy cattles and one of the suppliers of milk for the West Java region. However, there are limitations in farmers' knowledge about animal health, especially reproductive disorder. Data collection was carried out in the local dairy cattle farmer group. The method used were a pre-test on the reproductive health of dairy cattles, counseling on reproductive health and prevention of reproductive disorders, discussion related to the topic provided. Based on the results of the question and answer and discussion, information on the level of knowledge of the breeders' groups on the reproductive health of dairy cattles was obtained and efforts to prevent the emergence of reproductive disorders were good enough. However, the knowledge of farmers in order to prevent, handle and care for livestock is still lacking, so better support are needed.