The Society of Skeletal Radiology (SSR) Practice Guidelines and Technical Standards Committee identified musculoskeletal infection as a White Paper topic, and selected a Committee, tasked with developing a consensus on nomenclature for MRI of musculoskeletal infection outside the spine. The objective of the White Paper was to critically assess the literature and propose standardized terminology for imaging findings of infection on MRI, in order to improve both communication with clinical colleagues and patient care.A definition was proposed for each term; debate followed, and the committee reached consensus. Potential controversies were raised, with formulated recommendations. The committee arrived at consensus definitions for cellulitis, soft tissue abscess, and necrotizing infection, while discouraging the nonspecific term phlegmon. For bone infection, the term osteitis is not useful; the panel recommends using terms that describe the likelihood of osteomyelitis in cases where definitive signal changes are lacking. The work was presented virtually to SSR members, who had the opportunity for review and modification prior to submission for publication.

Purpose: This prospective phase II pilot study evaluated safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with drug-eluting beads (DEBs) loaded with doxorubicin in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Twenty patients with unresectable HCC (75% Child's A, 95% Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1, 60% Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer C, tumor size 6.9 cm) underwent 34 DEB-TACE sessions. Primary endpoints were tumor response, assessed by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging at 1 month after treatment, using size (response evaluation criteria in solid tumors [RECIST]), contrast-enhancement (European Association for the Study of the Liver) and apparent diffusion coefficient values, and safety assessed by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE). Secondary endpoints included feasibility, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Results: DEB-TACE was successfully performed in 34 sessions and demonstrated a favorable safety profile. On initial (1 month) postprocedural magnetic resonance imaging, treated lesions had a mean decrease in size of 4% (P = 0.1129). Using RECIST, partial response was achieved in 2 patients (10%), and 18 patients (90%) had stable disease. Treated tumors demonstrated a mean decrease in contrast enhancement of 64% (P < 0.0001). By European Association for the Study of the Liver criteria, 12 patients (60%) had objective tumor response, and 8 (40%) had stable disease. No patients had progression of a treated lesion while undergoing treatment. At 6 months, the disease control rate was 95% using RECIST. Overall survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 65% and 55%, respectively; median overall survival was 26 months. Discussion: DEB-TACE is safe and effective in achieving local tumor control in patients with unresectable HCC.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MRI changes in neuroendocrine tumors treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixty-six targeted lesions in 26 patients (18 men, eight women; mean age, 57 years) with hepatic metastasis of neuroendocrine tumors treated with TACE were retrospectively analyzed. MRI studies were performed before and after TACE. Imaging features included tumor size, percentage of enhancement in the arterial and portal venous phases, and diffusion-weighted imaging apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the tumor, liver, and spleen. Tumor response to treatment was recorded according to World Health Organization criteria and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Liver function tests were performed, and clinical performance was assessed before and after treatment. Statistical analysis included paired Student's t tests and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.RESULTS. Mean tumor size and perce...