This study aims to assess parameters like student perception and student satisfaction towards the interactive teaching-learning process (TLP), which may help teachers at different educational levels to teach more effectively. The teaching-learning process included general regulatory teaching, teacher preparation for learning, regulatory assessment, and student perception and planning for learning. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of classes 11th and 12th with various streams, including Mathematics, Biology, and Commerce as their majors in Central India. This study examined the impact of student perception on their satisfaction with the teaching-learning process (TLP). The results indicated that students’ perception of general regulatory teaching, preparation for learning & regulatory assessment significantly impact their satisfaction towards TLP, but preparation for learning and Regulatory assessment were not associated to satisfaction with teaching. However, it resulted in student learning positively. The findings further indicated that student satisfaction and learning are not different in-stream and class level.

The article aims to develop an integrated relationship between carbon emissions, energy consumption, economic growth and trade for the top ten trading countries in the world for a period of nineteen years, 2000–2018. The results of panel data indicate a significant relationship between carbon emissions, energy consumption, economic growth and trade both in the short and long run. It is seen that a bidirectional causality between carbon emissions, trade and growth is present. Empirical results of the analysis in this article indicate that an increase in carbon emissions leads to an increase in the economic growth rate. The article also finds a positive relationship between carbon emissions and energy consumption. The findings also show that the emerging and newly industrialized countries place more emphasis on enhancing their trade positions, while developed countries tend to focus more on the overall economic growth than on trade. A major limitation of the study is that the data for energy consumption and carbon emissions is for the economy as a whole and not only for manufacturing. An incentive structure for reducing carbon emissions for the selected countries can be adopted along with the focus on adopting clean energy. The article’s findings add to the existing literature as comparatively few studies have been conducted with trade as an indicator and at the cross-country level for determining the empirical relationship between energy consumption, carbon emissions, growth and trade.

Emerging nations like Indonesia, South Korea, Bangladesh, Egypt, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Turkey, the Philippines, Iran and Vietnam have developing stock markets which may offer ample opportunities to investors for their portfolio returns. The emerging next ten countries (N-10) in the present paper have been explored for diversification opportunities for investors. The study has incorporated eight years’ (2013-2020) time series data for N-10 countries’ stock market indices. Portfolio diversification strategies between Pakistan and other markets have been indicated as per the findings of Granger causality, Johansen Cointegration techniques, VECM and Wald test. The unidirectional and bidirectional linkages analysis has shown fewer possibilities between Bangladesh and Egypt stock markets with diversification benefits. Thus, investors may utilise the findings of the study in planning their portfolio among these stock markets.

This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the dynamic interrelationship between the National Stock Exchange's (NSE) primary index, NIFTY 50, and the stock index for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), EMERGE, in India. Utilizing the Granger causality test, the research aims to determine the directional causality between the two time series. Furthermore, the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is employed to scrutinize the volatility spillover effects between the two indices using daily stock data from December 2019 to November 2023. The empirical results reveal statistically significant autoregressive volatility spillovers within both NIFTY 50 and EMERGE indices. Additionally, the study uncovers substantial cross-volatility spillover effects between the indices, indicating a bidirectional volatility transmission. Specifically, there is a statistically significant volatility spillover from NIFTY 50 to EMERGE, and conversely, from EMERGE to NIFTY 50. These findings bear critical implications for the diversification strategies within investment portfolios. They offer essential insights for investors, portfolio managers, and policymakers, especially in light of the Indian government's recent initiatives and the surge in foreign investments targeting the SME sector. The bidirectional volatility spillovers suggest that shocks in one market can significantly affect the other, thereby informing risk management and hedging strategies. Consequently, understanding these dynamic relationships is crucial for optimizing asset allocation and enhancing portfolio resilience against market fluctuations.