Identification of actin-depolymerizing factor homology (ADF-H) domains in the structures of several related proteins led first to the formation of the ADF/cofilin family, which then expanded to the ADF/cofilin superfamily. This superfamily includes the well-studied cofilin-1 (Cfl-1) and about a dozen different human proteins that interact directly or indirectly with the actin cytoskeleton, provide its remodeling, and alter cell motility. According to some data, Cfl-1 is contained in various human malignant cells (HMCs) and is involved in the formation of malignant properties, including invasiveness, metastatic potential, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. The presence of other ADF/cofilin superfamily proteins in HMCs and their involvement in the regulation of cell motility were discovered with the use of various OMICS technologies. In our review, we discuss the results of the study of Cfl-1 and other ADF/cofilin superfamily proteins, which may be of interest for solving different problems of molecular oncology, as well as for the prospects of further investigations of these proteins in HMCs.

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are structurally and functionally distinct proteins containing specific domains and motifs that enable the proteins to bind certain nucleotide sequences, particularly those found in human telomeres. In human malignant cells (HMCs), hnRNP-A1—the most studied hnRNP—is an abundant multifunctional protein that interacts with telomeric DNA and affects telomerase function. In addition, it is believed that other hnRNPs in HMCs may also be involved in the maintenance of telomere length. Accordingly, these proteins are considered possible participants in the processes associated with HMC immortalization. In our review, we discuss the results of studies on different hnRNPs that may be crucial to solving molecular oncological problems and relevant to further investigations of these proteins in HMCs.

Bioeconomy is considered as a special type of activity and economic system, which is based on the science achievements, primarily related to biology, as well as chemistry, bioengineering, computer science, ecology, and even sociology. This activity is actively carried out in dozens of countries where national bioeconomy development programs have been formed. The existing programs provide, first of all, for the set of works implementation performed with the help of biotechnologies for the goods (bioproducts) based on natural bioresources production, including industrial, agricultural and household waste processing. As a result, global and regional bioproducts markets are being formed, providing consumers with new materials, as well as intangible benefits and services. The bioeconomy state analysis in several leading countries, as well as in the Russian Federation, indicates the expediency of using a regional approach to bioeconomy development, as well as advance training of relevant personnel. To achieve these goals, it is proposed to use several principles arising from the essence of the bioeconomy activity organization.

В статье представлены результаты изучения влияния автолитических процессов на белково-пептидный состав сердечной мышцы и аорты Bos taurus и Sus scrofa, приведены результаты идентификации тканеспецифичных белковых молекул и влияние автолиза на их сохранность. В тканях аорты Sus scrofa были обнаружены аполипопротеин А-1, участвующий в образовании липопротеинов высокой плотности, пероксиредоксин-1, участвующий в подавлении окислительного стресса, галектин-1, индуцирующий апоптоз Т-лимфоцитов, а также ряд белков теплового шока, имеющих молекулярную массу менее 30 кДа. Было установлено, что функциональные белковые вещества с молекулярной массой менее 30 кДа сохраняются в процессе заморозки, но разрушаются под действием ферментов сырья при автолизе. Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект №16–16–10073).

Global biopharmaceutical market state is currently of particular importance not only as a primary economic characteristic and a condition for the successful healthcare organization in different countries, but also as a safety from possible pandemics guarantee. Various vaccines production plays a special role becoming one of the modern bioeconomy sectors. The bioeconomy, as an activity, is based on industrial biotechnologies and new knowledgebased approaches for the efficient bioproducts production derived from natural resources, and is focused on solving various environmental, as well as political and even social issues for sustainable development. The purpose of the article is to study the general trends in the production and turnover of vaccines on the biopharmaceutical market, taking into account the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on vaccination complications and manifestations of pharmaceutical companies' competition in the vaccine market with various consequences are presented. It is concluded that the effective functioning of the global vaccine market can be considered as an important element of sustainable development on the way to achieving the protection of citizens from dangerous diseases and ensuring social welfare due to the development of biotechnologies.

This review presents materials on formation of the concept of moonlighting proteins and general characteristics of different similar proteins. It is noted that the concept under consideration is based on the data on the existence in different organisms of individual genes, protein products of which have not one, but at least two fundamentally different functions, for example, depending on cellular or extracellular location. An important feature of these proteins is that their functions can be switched. As a result, in different cellular compartments or outside the cells, as well as under a number of other circumstances, one of the possible functions can be carried out, and under other conditions, another. It is emphasized that the significant interest in moonlighting proteins is due to the fact that information is currently accumulating about their involvement in many vital molecular processes (glycolysis, translation, transcription, replication, etc.). Alternative hypotheses on the evolutionary origin of moonlighting proteins are discussed.