Recovery of Cognitive Performance and Fatigue after One Night of Sleep Deprivation: Kazunori Ikegami, et al. Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, JapanObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate how subjective sleepiness, mood states, simple and high‐order cognitive performance change after one night of sleep deprivation (SD) and recover to after 7 h normal recovery sleep opportunity during three recovery days.Methods: Ten healthy subjects participated in this study. We measured their subjective sleepiness, mood states and their performances of 2 simple tasks and 4 high‐order cognitive tasks twice a day for 5 days, on the baseline day, post‐vigil day and 3 recovery days after SD. This study was conducted considering each participant's motivation for task, learning effect and diurnal variation of performance.Results: The performances of simple tasks such as addition or short‐term memory were not reduced after SD and were the poorest on the baseline day, and improved gradually; however the high‐order cognitive performances were at their lowest on the post‐vigil day and needed 2 recovery sleep opportunities to return to the baseline level. Fatigue and confusion in mood states and subjective sleepiness were also at their lowest after SD. Subjective sleepiness nearly recovered to the baseline level on the 1st recovery day, but fatigue and confusion reached the baseline levels on the 2nd recovery day.Conclusion: These results suggest that cognitive deterioration and the recovery process may differ between simple task performance and high‐order cognitive task performance, which needed 2 ordinary sleep opportunities to recover to the baseline level, and the change of subjective mood states were also different for each mood.

Prehypertension is a known risk factor for hypertension in individuals aged less than 20 or more than 35 years, but no large studies have investigated this risk in individuals aged 20-34 years. This study investigated progression to hypertension in nonhypertensive individuals aged 20-34 years and compared this group with individuals aged 35-64 years. A total of 12,639 nonhypertensive individuals aged 20-64 years were followed from 1999 to 2008. Hazard ratios for progression to hypertension were calculated for men and women according to three blood pressure (BP) categories (optimal BP: <120/80 mmHg; normal BP: 120-129/80-84 mmHg; high-normal BP: 130-139/85-89 mmHg) and three age groups (20-34, 35-49 and 50-64 years). Progression to hypertension occurred in 4617 individuals (36.5%). The risk of progression to hypertension increased significantly with increasing baseline BP category in men and women in all age groups. The association between baseline BP and progression to hypertension was stronger in the group aged 20-34 years than in the older age groups, especially in men. The results of this study confirm that normal or high-normal BP increases the risk of progression to hypertension in individuals aged 20-34 years. In men, the association between baseline BP and progression to hypertension is stronger in this age group than in older age groups. Health providers should be aware that normal or high-normal BP is a risk factor for progression to hypertension even in individuals aged 20-34 years.

Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic, teleworking became the new workplace norm, creating a new challenge for workplace communication. This study investigated the association between source-specific workplace social support and psychological distress among Japanese teleworkers and nonteleworkers. Methods: A total of 15,045 workers were extracted from a cross-sectional web-based survey that assessed psychological distress, workplace social support from supervisors and coworkers. After grouping participants into four groups based on their positions (managers, staff members) and teleworking arrangements (teleworking, nonteleworking), multiple logistic regression analyses were performed separately. Results: Teleworkers with less supervisor support demonstrated the highest risk of psychological distress (adjusted odds ratio = 2.55, P = 0.024). Conclusions: Insufficient supervisor support for teleworking staff members may be a key occupational risk factor for psychological distress in the postpandemic future.