Background: Previous research found that statins, in addition to its efficiency in treating hyperlipidemia, may also incur adverse drug reactions, which mainly include myopathies and abnormalities in liver function. Aim: This study aims to assess the risk for newly onset sarcopenia among patients with chronic kidney disease using statins. Material and Method: In a nationwide retrospective population-based cohort study, 75,637 clinically confirmed cases of chronic kidney disease between 1997 and 2011were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The selection of the chronic kidney disease cohort included a discharge diagnosis with chronic kidney disease or more than 3 outpatient visits with the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease found within 1 year. After consideration of patient exclusions, we finally got a total number of 67,001 cases of chronic kidney disease in the study. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to perform preliminary analysis on the effect of statins usage on the occurrence of newly diagnosed sarcopenia; the Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates was conducted to take into consideration the individual temporal differences in medication usage, and calculated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval after controlling for gender, age, income, and urbanization. Results: Our main findings indicated that patients with chronic kidney disease who use statins seem to effectively prevent patients from occurrences of sarcopenia, high dosage of statins seem to show more significant protective effects, and the results are similar over long-term follow-up. In addition, the risk for newly diagnosed sarcopenia among patients with lipophilic statins treatment was lower than that among patients with hydrophilic statins treatment. Conclusion: It seems that patients with chronic kidney disease could receive statin treatment to reduce the occurrence of newly diagnosed sarcopenia. Additionally, a higher dosage of statins could reduce the incidence of newly diagnosed sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)(2)] coatings have been successfully prepared via electrochemical synthesis on Pt in aqueous Mg(NO3)(2) solution. Two major reactions corresponding to various applied voltage regions were identified: (i) O-2+2H(2)O+4e(-)-> 4OH(-) (similar to 0.5 to -0.77 V) and (ii) 2H(2)O+2e(-)-> H-2+2OH(-) (-0.77 to -3 V). The efficient deposition was carried out at the second region, because H+ ions were depleted and many OH- ions were provided to form Mg(OH)(2) on the cathodic surface. Through thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the crystal orientation and morphology of Mg(OH)(2) on Pt was linked to the applied voltage. The more negative the applied voltage was and the more the OH- concentration was, finally resulted in the more (001) preferred orientation and various surface appearances. Therefore, the controllable fabrication of highly dense and uniform Mg(OH)(2) films could be carried out by tuning deposition potential. The uniform coating film deposited at -1.2 V was densely packed flat Mg(OH)(2) particles and condensed into MgO around 340 degrees C. Compared to microarc oxidation, which is only restricted to Mg alloy, this electrochemical synthesis can be applied to other metals. Also, the reported method, with a low cost, is simple and environmentally benign

In this research, the cisplatin has been successfully deposited on pure Mg specimen, degradable and promising for the tumor treatment by its local sustained release to prevent the cancer from metastasis and even to achieve its apoptosis. The cathodic polarization tests coupled with electrochemical reactions in various concentrations of cisplatin solutions were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to speculate the deposition mechanism of cisplatin by UV visible spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, focused ion beam, and X-ray diffractometer. The drug, cisplatin, is deposited on the pure Mg through exchanging Cl⁻ with OH⁻, produced by the electrochemical method, to form strong hydrogen bonds for attracting one another. The FESEM images of cisplatin coated Mg specimens reveal that the diameter of cisplatin particle is around 50–150 nm with sphere-like shape. While that on cisplatin/HAp composite is less than 30 nm. Due to the high porosity, the drug loading on cisplatin/HAp coated one can be enhanced from 34.65 to 84.93 μg/cm². Also, the drug release duration can be elongated from one day burst to 3 weeks sustained release, which is promising for future clinical applications.