This paper presents the results of a study of the strength and thermophysical properties of the composite material graphene nanoplatelets (GNP)–nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) (GNP@NBR). High-quality GNP were massively produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method. It was found that the introduction of GNP in concentrations up to 6 wt.% leads to an increase in tensile strength up to 62%, resistance to tearing up to 64% thermal conductivity up to 2. The use of GNP allowed increasing the maximum operating temperature of the NBR to 125℃. Also, GNP@NBR composite showed an exceptional improvement in antifriction properties – it drops more than twice the coefficient of friction on steel under loads to 500 Newtons.

A quantitative method is proposed to determine Stone–Wales defects for 1D and 2D carbon nanostructures. The technique is based on the diene synthesis reaction (Diels–Alder reaction). The proposed method was used to determine Stone–Wales defects in the few-layer graphene (FLG) nanostructures synthesized by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) synthesized based on the method of Hammers and in the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) TUBAL trademark, Russia. Our research has shown that the structure of FLG is free of Stone–Wales defects, while the surface concentration of Stone–Wales defects in TUBAL carbon nanotubes is 1.1 × 10⁻⁵ mol/m² and 3.6 × 10⁻⁵ mol/m² for rGO.

The specific features of the stabilization of suspensions formed by detonation nanodiamonds in polar and nonpolar media are investigated. It is demonstrated that the polydispersity of nanodiamond particles in an aqueous medium periodically changes in an ultrasonic field. The conditions are determined under which the optimum dispersity can be maintained for a long time. A technique is devised for chemical modification of the nanodiamond surface through the grafting of organosilyl groups. This technique makes it possible to prepare finely dispersed suspensions of nanodiamonds in nonpolar organic media. A model is proposed for an aggregate that consists of detonation nanodiamond particles and is stabilized through hydrogen bonds formed by functional groups of different types.

A quantitative method is proposed to determine of Stone-Wales defects for carbon nanostructures with sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms. The technique is based on the diene synthesis reaction (Diels-Alder reaction). The proposed method was used to determine Stone-Wales defects in the few-layer graphene (FLG) nanostructures synthesized by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process, in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) synthesized based on the method of Hammers and in the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) TUBAL trademark, Russia. Our research has shown that the structure of FLG is free of Stone-Wales defects, while the surface concentration of Stone-Wales defects in TUBAL carbon nanotubes is 1.1×10-5 mol/m2 and 3.6×10-5 mol/m2 for rGO.

Experimental data on the production of dry powders of immobilized biological preparations intended for treatment of oil-contaminated soil were obtained. The carbonization of biopolymers (starch, lignin) using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis was used as the basic method for obtaining 2D carbon structures used as a matrix for immobilization of oil-destructor microorganisms. Oil-destructor Microorganisms were selected from the accredited collection of the All Russian Institute of Plant Protection. The obtained experimental samples of biological preparations have shown their potential for eliminating the anthropogenic consequences of soil contamination with petroleum products.