China is now under a period of social transition, and inequity is evident in the field of health care. We aimed to investigate regional health-care inequalities in children’s survival in Zhejiang Province, China. In our study, monitoring data of Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 2014 was collected. The flow of data collection of community-district-city for urban areas or village-township-county rural areas was followed. The factors affecting equity was analyzed including regional economical level and household registry. We adopted standard measures of concentration curve and concentration index to evaluate degree of income-related inequity and the trend of mortality changes. From 2005 to 2014, overall mortality rate in children under five decreased, and regional disparity reduced markedly, and with a reduced disparity of mortality rate among children from urban and rural areas. In 2014, the mortality rate in children from urban and rural areas was similar. In contrast, the mortality rate in the children from migrant population was more than two folds of that in the children from native residency (7.82 ‰ vs. 3.89 ‰). The mortality rates of newborns (rs = −0.396, P < 0.001), infants (rs = −0.553, P < 0.001) and children under five (rs = −0.568, P < 0.001) were all negatively correlated with per capita GDP in different regions. CI in the newborns, infants and children under 5 years was −0.105, −0.107 and −0.118, respectively. The concentration curve was near to equity curve. The concentration curve was near to equity curve. The mortality rate of children was negatively related with economical level in this study. The survival status was near to equity. Regional economical development can improve children’s survival but it was not the only social determinant. Migrant population will be the future monitor focus for reducing disparity on healthcare and increase equity in children’s survival.

Background: The prevalence of stress factors in urban settings has increased, with significant potential impact on health outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of perceived unfairness, uncertainty, and life stress on self-reported health status, short-term illness, and noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Methods: A cross-sectional study using multistage stratified sampling was carried out in Xi’an, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, and Guiyang in China in July 2021, and 2851 participants were included in data analysis. Self-reported health status, short-term illness, and NCDs were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Perceived life stress, unfairness stress, and uncertainty stress were measured using a standard scale. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participants’ demographic characteristics, and chi-square tests clarified statistical differences in self-reported health status, short-term illness, and NCDs based on these characteristics. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to measure the effects of perceived unfairness stress, uncertainty stress, and life stress on self-reported health status, short-term illness, and NCDs. Results: Severe uncertainty stress (odds ratio [OR] 1.230, 95% CI 1.007-1.503) and severe life stress (OR 1.728, 95% CI 1.411-2.118) were associated with a higher likelihood of poor self-reported health status. Severe uncertainty stress (OR 1.565, 95% CI 1.270-1.929) and severe life stress (OR 1.404, 95% CI 1.136-1.731) increased the odds of short-term illness. In addition, severe unfairness stress (OR 1.306, 95% CI 1.053-1.620), severe uncertainty stress (OR 1.542, 95% CI 1.248-1.905), and severe life stress (OR 1.344, 95% CI 1.084-1.667) were linked to a higher prevalence of NCDs. Conclusions: To conclude, severe uncertainty and life stress were both associated with increased odds of poor health outcomes (self-reported health status, short-term illness, and NCDs), while severe unfairness only affected NCDs. The findings of this study may serve as an empirical reference for the improvement of self-reported illness among Chinese urban residents.

This study aims to investigate e-cigarette and tea cigarette gifting in China and their influencing factors, as well as to explore whether they were associated with tobacco use and cessation. Using a multistage sampling design, 1512 household heads from Guangdong and Shaanxi provinces were recruited for the study and filled out an online questionnaire about smoking status, social participation, e-cigarette, and tea cigarette gifting. Results showed that more than 30% and nearly 3% of participants had been gifted tea cigarettes and e-cigarettes, respectively. Marital status, province of residence, smoking status, and social participation were associated with gifting behaviors. Logistic regressions showed that receiving e-cigarettes (OR = 3.43, p < 0.05) and tea cigarettes (OR = 1.70, p < 0.01) were related to tobacco use. Smokers who have received e-cigarettes (OR = 9.85, p < 0.01) and tea cigarettes (OR = 1.92, p < 0.05) were also less likely to quit smoking.